Evolution of the concept of “environmental damages” is one of the aspects of development in international environmental law. In fact, after increasing global environmental problems and lack of efficiency in international environmental law to prevent the damage, unifying the concept of “environmental damage” in the law is being considered as a solution for this matter. Moreover, development of i...

presently, conflict rules have gone beyond inflexible and purposeless physical connection factors and have approached instrumentalism and economic functions.  this evolution defined as rule utilitarianism in conflict of laws and determination of applicable law to product liability in rome ii regulations in this manner.  protection of consumers in this category has been said to be the foundation...

Composite materials have been used extensively in various applications, such as mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, and aviation thanks to their interesting mechanical properties. However, a substantial drawback in the use of such composite materials is that they absorb a significant amount of moisture when exposed to severe hygrothermal conditions. This factor dramatically affects t...

Springback is one of the most common and important issues in metal forming area. Due to the fact that springback depends on a variety of parameters, it is hard to predict. Hence, in this paper, the effect of continuum damage mechanics (CDM) on springback was investigated based on the Lemaitre isotropic unified damage law. Swift’s hardening law was employed to describe isotropic hardening behavi...

if several factors are causing the damage, discussion about the damage distribution and the share of each parts is one of the important issue in the law of civil liability. law in the few cases has adopted different approaches, legal doctrine provides different views and the difference is evident in the precedent. this is a controversial issue in the jurisprudence and should be review since the...