We have used the Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrograph on the Keck II telescope to observe the brown dwarf candidate D04 (Hawkins et al, 1998). The spectrum matches that of a spectral-type M7 dwarf, implying a photospheric temperature of ≈ 2600K. This is consistent with the available (R-I)C and (I-K) colours. If the parallax measured by Hawkins et al is correct, then the implication is that D04 h...

The Economics of Child Well-Being This chapter presents an integrated economic approach that organizes and interprets the evidence on child development. It also discusses the indicators of child well-being that are used in international comparisons. Recent evidence on child development is summarized, and policies to promote child well-being are discussed. The chapter concludes with some open qu...

Researchers must review numerous standardized criteria that determine the design of mechanical transmissions with gears in order to keep up current developments engineering practice. In classical there are various standards concerning calculation load capacity spur and helical gears. Both them further used evaluate state stress due bending tooth. There many for calculating traditional design. a...

The paper evaluates an Indian maternal conditional cash transfer scheme. Launched in 2005, the program gives women cash transfers for receiving maternal and child health care services. This paper uses data from India’s District Level Household Survey to evaluate the program’s impact. Results indicate that the program had a limited overall effect: relative to the broader population, the targeted...

Definitive judgment about the quality of decision making is made difficult by twin problems of measurement and identification. A measure of decision-making quality is hard to formalize, to quantify, and to make practical for use in a variety of choice environments; and it is difficult to distinguish differences in decision-making quality from unobserved differences in preferences, information, ...

We study the willingness to compete of 588 children and teenagers aged ten to seventeen. We replicate the gender difference in tournament entry choices usually found in the literature for adults. We then show that policy interventions like quotas and preferential treatment help to close down the gender gap without leading to losses in efficiency, during or after a tournament. Given that differe...

We consider market rules for transferring IP addresses, numeric identifiers required by all computers connected to the Internet. Transfers usefully move resources from lowest to highest-valuation networks, but transfers tend to cause socially costly growth in the Internet’s routing table. We propose a market rule that avoids excessive trading and comes close to achieving social efficiency. We a...

A fully coupled tide-surge-wave model was developed to study the influence of different computational domains on typhoon wave characteristics in waters surrounding Taiwan. Three typhoons were selected as cases: Meranti, Malakas, and Megi, which successively impacted Taiwan September 2016. Superposition CFSV2 winds blended with ERA5 onto yielded optimum simulations waves. Storm responses along e...

With a large nationwide retailer, we run a natural field experiment to measure the effects of energy use information disclosure, rebates, and sales agent incentives on demand for energy efficient durable goods. Sales incentives and rebates are complementary, but information and sales incentives alone have statistically and economically insignificant effects. Sales agents comply only partially w...