Ribbons of Fe100−xGax (x = 15, 17.5, 19.5 and 22.5) were prepared by rapid solidification from the melt. Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and high resolution neutron diffraction have revealed that Fe100xGax alloys with x = 15 and 17.5 have the disordered bcc (A2) structure even after annealing, but the alloy with x = 19.5 developed the short-range ordered D03 phase when annealed. The x = 22.5 alloys s...

The correlation between thermal vacancy characteristics and D03 ordering in ball-milled nanocrystalline (Fe3Si)95Nb5 was studied by combined measurements of x-ray diffraction and positron annihilation. Structural stabilization due to grain boundary segregation of Nb enables high-temperature positron lifetime measurements up to 1023 K from which vacancy formation parameters identical to those in...

Lorentz microscopy was applied to the observation of magnetic domains in iron-gallium (Fe–Ga) alloys. Results did not show any link between the magnetic domains and the magnetostriction enhancement by Ga addition, but did reveal that the drastic decrease in magnetostriction for Fe–31.2 at. % Ga was due to the presence of large scale precipitates. Magnetic domain features did not change in the a...

The tetragonal magnetostriction constant, (3/2)λ100, of Fe–Si single crystals was measured and was found to be structure dependent. Similar to that of Fe–Ge single crystals, (3/2)λ100 is positive in the single phase A2 regime, becomes negative in the single phase D03 regime, and changes from positive to negative between the two regimes. Short-range order in the A2 regime decreases the magnetost...

Mn3Si possesses a D03 structure, which is a bcc derivative structure with nearly the same atomic spacing as Cr and NiAl which have been commonly used for longitudinal magnetic recording underlayers. AG~30 nm!/CoCrTa~40 nm!/Mn3Si(x , x5100, 200, 400 nm)/Ag~75 nm! thin films were sputter deposited onto hydrofluoric acid ~HF!-etched Si:~001! substrates at elevated temperature. Compared to the 100 ...

JEL CLASSIFICATION C26, C99, D03, I18. PSYCINFO CLASSIFICATION 2360; 3920.

Article history: Received 14 December 2009 Available online xxxx JEL classification: C72 C91 D03

Article history: Received 3 July 2014 Available online 3 September 2015 JEL classification: C72 D03 H41

Does poverty have psychological consequences? Beginning with Easterlin (1974), a growing literature has investigated the association between income levels and psychological outcomes. However, this literature remains focused on happiness and life satisfaction, while little evidence exists about the link between income and other psychological outcomes. Using World Value Survey data from 114,378 r...

First-principles total energy calculations and experimental measurements were performed to study the surface reconstructions of magnetostrictive Fe3Ga alloy. The behavior was evaluated in bulk by compressing stretching its lattice parameter. Results demonstrate two thermodynamically stable surfaces, 1x1 3x1 reconstructions. is an ideally FeGa terminated whereas also but it has a first-layer Fe ...