Cytotrophoblast cells of the first trimester placenta are highly invasive when removed from villi and cultured in vitro. In vivo, however, only selected cytotrophoblast cells break through the overlying syncytiotrophoblast to form cytotrophoblast columns and ultimately invade the endometrium. To explore the role of paracrine growth factors in regulating cytotrophoblast development, we cultured ...

Light and electron microscopic examination of first-trimester and term human placental tissues were performed to identify erythrocytes containing hemoglobin in the villous trophoblast cell layer. Erythrocytes were not identified in chorionic villous epithelium at week 7 of gestation. These cells first appeared in the villous cytotrophoblast at week 8, and continued to be present in the villous ...

Brief summary: Using placental perfusion, fragment culture and primary term human cytotrophoblast experiments, the authors signify relationship between maternal vitamin D, D metabolism fetal exposure.

In humans, fetal cytotrophoblasts leave the placenta and enter the uterine wall, where they preferentially remodel arterioles. The fundamental mechanisms that govern these processes are largely unknown. Previously, we have shown that invasive cytotrophoblasts express several chemokines, as well as the receptors with which they interact. Here, we report that these ligand-receptor interactions st...

BACKGROUND The syncytialization of cytotrophoblast cells to syncytiotrophoblast is central to human placental transport and hormone production. Many techniques for in vitro study of this process have been proposed and new investigators to the field may find the literature in the field daunting. Here, we present a straightforward and reliable method to establish this important model using modern...

Background: Though it is well established that maternal blood-borne signals influence highly the growth of the placenta, the mechanisms are not known. In vitro trophoblast culture models are limited by an inability to reconstruct the polarised bilayer of the human hemochorial placenta. We have used a first trimester villous tissue explant system to investigate how growth factors interact with p...

BACKGROUND Our previous studies have demonstrated that cyclosporin A (CsA) can increase the cell number in and invasion by human first-trimester trophoblasts and induce maternal-fetal tolerance. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and C-X-C chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) are important mediators at the maternal-fetal interface during early pregnancy. In this study, we further investigate the m...

Abstract. This article is devoted to the results of studies trophoblast during gestation 9-12 weeks. study a fragment series immunohistochemical with TORCH infection, which are scheduled be carried out at different gestational dates. Purpose – in various types using method establish features expression metalloproteinase-2 abortion material period weeks pregnancy infection compared observations ...

The main disorders of human pregnancy are rooted in defective placentation. Normal placental development depends on proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of cytotrophoblasts to form and maintain an overlying syncytiotrophoblast. There is indirect evidence that the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which are aberrant in pregnancy disorders, are involved in regulating trophoblast turnover,...

During normal human pregnancy a subpopulation of fetal cytotrophoblast stem cells differentiate and invade the uterus and its arterioles. In the pregnancy disease preeclampsia, cytotrophoblast differentiation is abnormal and invasion is shallow. Thus, the placenta is relatively hypoxic. We investigated whether lowering oxygen tension affects cytotrophoblast differentiation and invasion. Previou...