This paper presents a new data compression method for current loop transmitters. In this method, the 4-20 mA current domain is divided into some equal pieces that are used for distinct data domain with a constant relative resolution, resulting in widening the signal span. This technique eliminated the need for high resolution ADC’s or DAC’s in communication of 4-20mA current loop signals. Furth...

Transmitters are used to pass data stream through transmission lines in either current or voltage mode. In high data rate applications, the output impedance of transmitters should match the transmission lines’ characteristic impedance and should be tunable in order to compensate the process, voltage, and temperature variations. The multiplexing technique can be used to extend transmitters signa...

The deep dorsal horn represents a major site for the integration of spinal sensory information. The bulbospinal monoamine transmitters, released from serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic systems, exert modulatory control over spinal sensory systems as does acetylcholine, an intrinsic spinal cord biogenic amine transmitter. Whole cell recordings of deep dorsal horn neurons in the rat sp...

As in the Landauer–Büttiker approach to transport, a transmitter is, at fixed energy, characterized by its reflection and transmission coefficients. Generalizing a prior approach, we establish a variational principle to determine, without magnetic field, the distribution of the current over the different channels if the transmitter is coupled incoherently to its surroundings. For transmitters c...

Ultra-low power radio frequency (RF) transceivers used in short-range application such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require efficient, reliable and fully integrated transmitter architectures with minimal building blocks. This paper presents the design, implementation and performance evaluation of single-chip, fully integrated 2.4 GHz and 433 MHz RF transmitters using direct-modulation pow...

qumian hadith narrators in early third century played a major role in transmitting hadith legacy of kufa to this city. in addition to narration, classification, and explanation of hadiths, rereading qumian hadith narrators’ criteria for accepting and narrating hadiths is of great significance. muhammad b. khalid al-barqi is among outstanding scholars of that era who corrected and developed the ...