This paper develops an analysis of budget deficit financing in termsof a crowding out or crowding in effect on the activity of the privatesector for the economies of Iran and Algeria as two MENA countries,(because of its economic structures (dependence on oil revenue)) duringthe period 1970-2012 by using Cointegration and Vector ErrorCorrection approaches. The analysis confirms the existence of...

statement of problem: the extraction versus non-extraction debate is almost as old as the advent of orthodontic practice and up to now, this dilemma remains. recently, the american board of orthodontics (abo) has developed a method by the name of objective grading system (ogs) in order to evaluate the results of orthodontic treatment. aim: the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compar...

this paper develops an analysis of budget deficit financing in termsof a crowding out or crowding in effect on the activity of the privatesector for the economies of iran and algeria as two mena countries,(because of its economic structures (dependence on oil revenue)) duringthe period 1970-2012 by using cointegration and vector errorcorrection approaches. the analysis confirms the existence of...

We evaluated usability of a previously developed genetically encoded molecular crowding sensor in various biological phenomena. Molecular crowding refers to intracellular regions that are occupied more by proteins and nucleotides than by water molecules and is thought to have a strong effect on protein function. To evaluate intracellular molecular crowding, usually the diffusion coefficient of ...

This study investigated cross-cultural differences in the privacy regulation and perception of crowding amongtwo Iranian sub-cultures (Kurdish and Northern women).The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether Northern and Kurdish women differed in their desired and achieved levels of privacy in parks. The second purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the d...

In crowding, the perception of a target deteriorates in the presence of neighboring elements. Crowding is not a new research area but has fascinated researchers for centuries, dating back to 1738, as outlined in Strasburger and Wade (2015). The classic example of crowding is reading where the letters of a word mutually crowd each other. Thus, not surprisingly, crowding research has started off ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent and specificity of crowding in the normal fovea and periphery, and the central field of amblyopes, using "C"-like patterns. In the first experiment we measured the extent of crowding for C-patterns comprised of Gaussian patches, over a range of target sizes using a four-alternative forced-choice (up, down, left, right) method. We found tha...