by determining normal ranges of spinal canal diameters we can make early diagnosis in persons who have lower diameters of spinal canal. these persons are predisposed to spinal canal stenosis that is a major cause of spinal radiculopathies. in different studies performed in several countries, minimum and maximum ranges of spinal canal diameters were different for each population. in this study, ...

an elliptical tank cross-section is formulated to explore and optimization method, based on a real-coded genetic algorithm to enhance the roll stability limit of a tank vehicle. a shape genetic algorithm optimization problem is applied to minimize the overturning moment imposed on the vehicle due to c.g. height of the liquid load, and lateral acceleration and cargo load shift . the minimization...

The shear strength of reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement is related to the shear stress carried by the concrete effective shear area. For rectangular sections the effective shear area represents the area corresponding to the effective depth. However, for circular sections this area is not as readily defined. Different empirical proposals have been suggested recently but no ...

PURPOSE To examine whether the scleral cross sectional area and estimated scleral volume are associated with a longer axial length in human eyes. METHODS Histologic anterior-posterior sections running through the pupil and the optic nerve head were examined. Using a light microscope, we measured the thickness of the sclera at the limbus, ora serrata, equator, midpoint between equator and post...

The factor σ is called the interaction cross section and has units of area. It is the probability of a single interaction per unit target point density per unit target region length. A cross section is useful because it isolates the part of the interaction probability that is due to the mechanism of the interaction. An equivalent definition of cross section is the probability of interaction per...