Overconfidence has been identified as a source of suboptimal decision making in many real-life domains, with often far-reaching consequences. This study identifies a mechanism that can cause overconfidence and demonstrates a simple, effective countermeasure in an incentive-compatible experimental study. We observed that joy induced overconfidence if the reason for joy (an unexpected gift) was u...

Recently, cyber security has become an important topic on the agenda of many organisations. It is already widely acknowledged that attacks do happen, and decision makers face the problem of how to respond. As it is almost impossible to secure a complex system completely, it is important to have an adequate estimate of the effectiveness of security measures when making investment decisions. Risk...

neo-ottomanism in recent decades has been among the most controversial political debates in related academies and literature. frequent references to it by turkish officials in recent years, multiplied its importance in international relations. the term obviously owes its significance to the ottoman empire era, and accordingly, a sufficient analysis on the challenges of the empire during its las...

To prevent an exploit, the security analyst must implement a suitable countermeasure. In this paper, we consider cost-sensitive attack graphs (CAGs) for network vulnerability analysis. In these attack graphs, a weight is assigned to each countermeasure to represent the cost of its implementation. There may be multiple countermeasures with different weights for preventing a single exploit. Also,...

This work describes a statistical approach to detect applications which are running inside application layer tunnels. Application layer tunnels are a significant threat for network abuse and violation of acceptable internet usage policy of an organisation. In tunnelling, the prohibited application packets are encapsulated as payload of an allowed protocol packet. It is much difficult to identif...

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Countermeasures are defined as solutions to prevent the undesirable physiologic outcomes associated with spaceflight. Spaceflight analogs provide a valuable opportunity for the evaluation of countermeasures because they allow for the evaluation of more subjects, more experimental control, and are considerably less expensive than actual spaceflight. The various human analogs have differing stren...

The inventory process, i.e. the assessment of assets and implemented countermeasures, consumes a significant amount of time in the risk and compliance management process. Assets and countermeasures have to be identified and classified in terms of confidentiality, integrity and availability requirements. Depending on the organization’s size this process may include thousands of assets and counte...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have documented differences between deceptive and honest responses. Capitalizing on this research, companies marketing fMRI-based lie detection services have been founded, generating methodological and ethical concerns in scientific and legal communities. Critically, no fMRI study has examined directly the effect of countermeasures, methods u...