In this paper I compare Paul and Muhammad, placing them side-by-side in Jerusalem and Mecca, in the Diaspora and on the caravan routes, with the objective of providing a more complete picture to explain the rise of universalistic monotheism. In so doing, it is my intention to add to the studies that have been produced on the social origins of Christianity and Islam. The question I raise is the ...

The Igala religion believes in the supreme God (Ọjọ) as well ancestral spirits (Ibegwu). This belief system gives rise to question of whether is monotheistic or polytheistic. Isaiah Negedu has recently argued that a peculiar form monotheism, namely inclusive monotheism. In contrast, this essay compares understanding with Christian notions angels and patron saints, argues not concerns how we def...