coronary artery anomalies are rare, with their incidence varying from 1 to 5%. angiography is a commonly used modality for the assessment of coronary artery anomalies. based on previous reports, a majority of coronary artery anomalies are of origin or distribution, with separate ostia of the left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery. coronary artery anomalies may cause myocardi...

a 48-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of typical chest pain, cold sweat, and dyspnea of 24 hours’ duration. she had a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus for many years. on admission, her electrocardiogram (ecg) revealed normal sinus rhythm and dynamic t inversion in the precordial leads. her enzyme levels were normal. transthora...

in this paper, we describe a case of an aneurysmal circumflex artery connected to the coronary sinus through a fistula in a 40-year-old man with a two-year history of palpitation and chest pain. we discussed surgical management for patients with coronary artery fistula (caf), particularly for asymptomatic patients with a small left-to-right shunt .

congenital anomalies of coronary arteries, albeit rare, may be significant contributors to angina pectoris, hemodynamic abnormalities, and sudden cardiac death. a 47-year-old man referred to us with atypical chest pain. electrocardiography demonstrated no significant ischemic changes, but cardiac troponin i test was positive. the patient underwent coronary angiography, which revealed a single c...

large intercoronary communications in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease constitute a very rare coronary artery anomaly in which there is a readily visible connection between the 2 coronary arteries with a unidirectional or bidirectional blood flow; consequently, this anomaly may be misinterpreted as a functioning collateral vessel, indicative of an unrecognized proximal coronar...

anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (alcapa) is a rare congenital cardiac malformation. we report three cases of alcapa who survived to adulthood. the first case was a 51-year-old woman who complained of typical chest pain that was diagnosed with alcapa using cardiac catheterization and coronary computed tomographic angiography (cta). the second case was a 30-...

background: whether coronary artery ectasia (cae) is a unique clinical finding or results from other clinical entities is still unknown. we aimed to determine the cae prevalence, investigate the relationship between cae and patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, and assess the prognosis at follow-up in a sample of iranian population. methods: t otally, 10057 patients who underwent ...

anomalies of origin, course, and distribution of coronary arteries, including single coronary artery, are well known in patients with tetralogy of fallot. however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no published case report of pentalogy of fallot with a single coronary artery. herein, we introduce a 22-year-old female patient diagnosed via echocardiography and cardiac catheterization preope...

a double left anterior descending (lad) coronary artery emerging from the left and right coronary arteries is classified among rare coronary anomalies. we herein report a 73-year-old man presenting with acute coronary syndrome (posterolateral myocardial infarction). he was admitted with typical chest pain, and due to his progressive ischemic changes on electrocardiography (ecg) and elevated car...

Introduction: Coronary artery anomalies are rare clinical entities reported in 0.6% to 5.6% of diagnostic coronary angiographies. Anomalous origins of coronary arteries from distal segments are rarely reported. Presented herein is a coronary anomaly in which the circumflex artery (CX) originated as a continuation of the posterolateral branch of the right coronary artery (RCA) w...