Speaking is deemed by many scholars as a fundamental skill in second language (L2) learning. From the myriad of factors playing a role in willingness to communicate (WTC) in a foreign language, communication apprehension and self-perceived competence have attracted a good deal of interest in recent decades. Furthermore, it is generally agreed that cooperative teaching can enhance learners' ling...

Speaking is deemed by many scholars as a fundamental skill in second language (L2) learning. From the myriad of factors playing a role in willingness to communicate (WTC) in a foreign language, communication apprehension and self-perceived competence have attracted a good deal of interest in recent decades. Furthermore, it is generally agreed that cooperative teaching can enhance learners' ling...

the present study is aimed at investigating the factors which influence cooperative managers’ awareness of the cooperative sector. methodologically, this is a descriptive-correlated survey. the study consisted of 498 managers of agricultural cooperatives in tehran(n=498), from among whom 72 were selected through random sampling (n=72). validity of the questionnaire used for collecting data was ...

Cooperation based on hybrid cooperative communication architecture has demonstrated great potential of cooperative communication in our research. In order to achieve more cooperative gain and widely spread and deploy cooperative communication, efficient and generic self-organizing protocol has to be designed for cooperative communication.

Cooperation based on hybrid cooperative communication architecture has demonstrated great potential of cooperative communication in our research. In order to achieve more cooperative gain and widely spread and deploy cooperative communication, efficient and generic self-organizing protocol has to be designed for cooperative communication.

Cooperative communication mechanics, such as avatar gestures or in-game visual pointers, enable player collaboration directly through gameplay. We currently lack a deeper understanding of how players use cooperative communication mechanics, and whether they can effectively supplement or even supplant traditional voice and chat communication. The present research investigated player communicatio...