The aim of this study was to develop a new polymeric gel that used as a contraceptive system.Polymeric gel has been studied extensively for drug delivery systems. In this article, thermalsensitive poly (DL-lactic acid)-poly (ethylene glycol) poly (DL-lactic acid) (PLA-PEG-PLA) hydrogel was used as an implantable contraceptive system.Aqueous solution of this copolymer fromed a free flowing so at...

OBJECTIVE To estimate contraceptive efficacy, safety, acceptability, and fit of a single-size diaphragm used with contraceptive gel. METHODS We conducted a multicenter trial in which 450 couples used the single-size diaphragm, 300 randomized to acid-buffering gel and 150 to nonoxynol-9, for at least 190 days and six menstrual cycles. Visits were at enrollment and after menstrual cycles 1, 3, ...

BACKGROUND Acidform gel, an acid-buffering product that inactivates spermatozoa, may be an effective topical non-hormonal contraceptive. This study was designed to evaluate the safety of vaginal dosing and effects of Acidform on mucosal immune mediators, antimicrobial properties of genital secretions, and vaginal microbiota. METHODS Thirty-six sexually abstinent U.S. women were randomized to ...

BACKGROUND As weight gain is one of the most frequently cited reasons for not using and for discontinuing hormonal contraceptives, in an open-label, single-arm, multicentre clinical study we evaluated the effect of the ethinylestradiol/norelgestromin contraceptive patch (EVRA, Janssen-Cilag International, Belgium) on body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). METHODS Body ...

objective: the world population will likely increase by 2.5 billion over the next 43 years, passing from the current 6.7 billion to 9.2 billion in 2050. only limited information about the contraceptive practices especially modern contraceptive use is available. the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of contraceptive methods and factors associated with modern contraceptive in use m...

   The objective of the present investigation was to develop and evaluate a contraceptive vagino-adhesive propranolol hydrochloride gel. To achieve this, various mucoadhesive polymers including guar gum (1-4% w/w), sodium alginate (4-7% w/w), xanthan gum (2-5% w/w ), HPMC 4000 (3-5% w/w), Na CMC (4-7% w/w), carbomer 934 and carbomer 940 both in the range of 0.5-2.0% w/w, were dispersed in an aq...

OBJECTIVE Higher than expected pregnancy rates have been observed in HIV related clinical trials in Sub-Saharan Africa. We designed a qualitative study to explore the factors contributing to high pregnancy rates among participants in two HIV clinical trials in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Female and male participants enrolled in one of two clinical HIV trials in south-west Uganda were approach...