In a global economy, an efficient supply chain as a main core competency empowers enterprises to provide products or services at the right time in the right quantity, at a low cost. This paper is to plan a single product, multi-echelon, multi-period closed loop supply chain for high-tech products (which have continuous price decrease). Ultimately, considering components rated to procurement, pr...

BACKGROUND There is an ongoing debate on how ECG interpretation should be taught during undergraduate medical training. This study addressed the impact of teaching format, examination consequences and student motivation on skills retention. METHODS A total of 493 fourth-year medical students participated in a six-group, partially randomised trial. Students received three levels of teaching in...

In today’s competitive world, the cost of high-tech products declines significantly over their life cycle. An inventory model for such products is developed for an ordering policy of raw materials, and finished goods which is delivered to the customer at a fixed interval of time in a fixed quantity. This model integrates the raw material inventory with the finished goods inventory along the sup...

We discuss the implications of two price zones, i.e. one northern and southern bidding area, on the German electricity market. In the northern zone, continuous capacity additions with low variable costs cause large regional supply surpluses in the market dispatch while conventional capacity decreases in the southern zone. As the spatial imbalance of supply and load is increasing, the current si...

in this paper we consider the european continuous installment call option. then  its linear complementarity formulation is given. writing the resulted problem in variational form, we prove the existence and uniqueness of its weak solution. finally finite element method is applied to price the european continuous installment call option.

We analyzed the linearity of relationships between soil test P (STP) and cumulative phosphorus (P) budget using data from six long-term fertilized grassland sites in four countries: France (Ercé and Gramond), Switzerland (Les Verrières), Canada (Lévis), and Finland (Maaninka and Siikajoki). STP was determined according to existing national guidelines. A linear-plateau model was used to determin...

With the continuous development of economic globalization, especially in face expanding COVID-19 pandemic, supply shortage suppliers will directly affect ordering strategy enterprises, which cause price fluctuations commodity market and corporate profits. We assume that demand for product is constant, determines price. An EOQ model constructed with a under additive supply. find optim...

In this paper we consider the European continuous installment call option. Then  its linear complementarity formulation is given. Writing the resulted problem in variational form, we prove the existence and uniqueness of its weak solution. Finally finite element method is applied to price the European continuous installment call option.