aristotle took per impossibile as a form of hypothetical syllogism which was composed of a syllogistic and a non-syllogistic part. but he didn’t express the relation between these two parts clearly. alexander of aphrodisias and philoponus didn’t add any specific comments to aristotle’s view. al-farabi believed that per impossible includes three deductions: two categorical syllogisms and one exc...

this paper will examine ibn sina’s theory of the conditional syllogism from a purely logical point of view, and will lay bare the principles he adopted for founding his theory, and the reason why the newly introduced part of his logic remained undeveloped and eventually was removed from the texts of logic in the later islamic tradition. as a preliminary discussion, this paper briefly examines i...

The main aim of this study was to examine whether people understand indicative conditionals on the basis of syntactic factors or on the basis of subjective conditional probability. The second aim was to investigate whether the conditional probability of q given p depends on the antecedent and consequent sizes or derives from inductive processes leading to establish a link of plausible cooccurre...

It is generally accepted that it is a mistake that Aristotle ignore the moods of the fourth figure in his syllogism. In this paper, I shall argue the Aristotelian syllogism consisting of the essential moods and their derivative moods is complete or self-contained, all the moods of the fourth figure can be derived from the essential moods. The analysis table provided in the paper will contribute...

Abstract This paper gives an account of Anderson and Belnap’s selection criteria for adequate theory entailment. The are grouped into three categories: pertaining to modality, those relevance, related expressive strength. leitmotif both this its prequel is the relevant legitimacy disjunctive syllogism. Relevant logics commonly held be paraconsistent logics. It shown in paper, however, that E R ...

the traditional logician’s explanation on categorical syllogism, make the analysis of controversial syllogism and other relative syllogism, very difficult. the thirteenth century logicians use two methods to solve this problem. one method is ibn sina's method, which adds a premise to syllogism, and the second method is fakhr al-din al-razi and katebis’ method, which provide syllogism relyi...

Syllogism is a type of deductive reasoning involving quantified statements. The syllogistic reasoning scheme in the classical Aristotelian framework involves three crisp term sets and four linguistic quantifiers, for which the main support is the linguistic properties of the quantifiers. A number of fuzzy approaches for defining an approximate syllogism have been proposed for which the main sup...