construction is reinforced by intuition, a nobler aspect of intelligence. The act of intuition may be thought of as an idea that emanates at a given instant from a set of mental representations. Mental creation and intuition are activities that certainly characterize human intelligence, but which nevertheless elude analysis. Abstract construction, intuition, and creation are the three expressio...

Rough set theory was proposed by Pawlak for analyzing data and reasoning about data. From a concept analysis point of view, we review and reformulate main results of rough set theory in the context of data processing and analysis. This enables us to see clearly the motivations for introducing rough set theory and its basic components and appropriate applications, leading to an appreciation for ...

Memory is a reflection of who we are, how we understand our environment and how we react to it. The processes of loading new memories, retrieving and adapting them are foundational to learning, and are done by way of association rather than by scanning memories serially. New input leads to the recall of corresponding memories; similar inputs are associated with each other and with similar memor...

1. Review of Subject Articles 1.1.General Principles and Purposes of Computational Intelligence 1.2.Neural Networks 1.3.Simulated Annealing 1.4.Adaptive Systems 1.5.Biological Intelligence and Computational Intelligence 2. Introduction 3. Computability, Decidability, and Complexity 4. Computational Intelligence and Knowledge-based Systems 4.1.Beginning of Artificial Intelligence (AI) 4.2.Knowle...