Mitochondria are the most complex and the most important organelles of eukaryotic cells, which are involved in many cellular processes, including energy metabolism, apoptosis, and aging. And mitochondria have been identified as the "hot spot" by researchers for exploring relevant associated dysfunctions in many fields. The emergence of comparative proteomics enables us to have a close look at t...

introduction the proteome is the full complement of proteins expressed by a cell or tissue at any given time or environmental condition. proteomics is the study and identification of this set or subset of proteins (abersold & man, 2003 cristea et al., 2004). whereas the genome is composed of all the potential genes that can be expressed as proteins, the proteome is composed of all proteins actu...

Bioinformatics is a fast evolving field that combines biology, computer science, and statistics to analyze comprehend enormous volumes of biological data. As result the introduction high-throughput technologies like next-generation sequencing mass spectrometry, genomic proteomics research has generated data, necessitating development computational tools process extract useful insights from thes...

In recent years, developments in molecular biotechnology have led to the increased promise of detecting and validating biomarkers, or molecular markers that relate to various biological or medical outcomes. Proteomics, the direct study of proteins in biological samples, plays an important role in the biomarker discovery process. These technologies produce complex, high dimensional functional an...

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has been instrumental in the development of proteomics. Although it is no longer the exclusive scheme used for proteomics, its unique features make it a still highly valuable tool, especially when multiple quantitative comparisons of samples must be made, and even for large samples series. However, quantitative proteomics using 2D gels is critically dependent...