There are a lot of learners all around the world, who are studying in the field of English, but not all of them are proficient in any field of English such as (literature-teaching-translation), and especially in the field of translation which requires a considerable knowledge of two languages such as English and Persian. The present article intended to consider the contrastive of English and Pe...

In order to construct a generic grammatical resource for Arabic language, we have chosen to develop an Arabic grammar based on TAG formalism. Our choice is, especially, justified by complementarities that we have noticed between Arabic syntax and this grammatical formalism. This paper consists of two comparative studies. The first is between a set of unification grammars. The second is between ...

This contribution introduces analytical programming, a novel method that allows solving various problems from the symbolic regression domain. Symbolic regression was first proposed by J. R. Koza in his genetic programming and by C. Ryan in grammatical evolution. This contribution explains the main principles of analytic programming, and demonstrates its ability to synthesize suitable solutions,...

Comparative study of near synonyms is one of the most productive research paradigms in Chinese lexicography. Empirical studies to discriminate near synonyms are either introspection-based or corpus-based. Yet, due to the large quantity of data in a corpus, lexicological studies of Chinese rarely make full use of the corpus data. To solve this problem, Kilgarriff’s Word Sketch Engine is designed...

One skill that student teachers need to develop during their academic studies is the capacity to produce accurate and well-organized texts. This study reports on the comparative impact of metalinguistic feedback (MLF), teacher interactive feedback (TIF(, and the peer-feedback (PF) on the accuracy and organization of postgraduate ELT student teachers’ writing. The participants were 57 postgradua...

Assessment  of  grammatical  knowledge  is  a  rather  neglected  area  of  research  in  the  field with  many  open  questions  (Purpura,  2004).  The  present  research  incorporates  recent proposals  about  the  nature  of  grammatical  development  to  create  a  framework  consisting of dimensions of complexity, range and strength, and studies which dimension(s) can best predict the stat...

The purpose of this article is to identify grammatical and lexical forms cohesion in the discourse april 2022 issue kompas.com site's online news. This uses a descriptive qualitative method with text analysis type research. Data collection techniques are carried out by recording words, phrases, clauses sentences that have forms. Based on data obtained form cohesion, namely efficiency, substitut...

Abstract This study focused mainly on the shifts of the grammatical cohesion in texts translated from English into Persian. It aimed to identify the grammatical cohesive devices (GCDs) in ST and TT separately, based on Halliday and Hassn's Model (1976), determine the number of occurrences of GCDs in two texts and finally, illustrate types of shifts of grammatical cohesion and strategies used in...