1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Definitions of cold adaptation 4. Types of cold adaptation 4.1. Physiological and morphological adaptation 4.2. Genetic adaptation to cold 4.3. Behavioural adaptation to cold 5. Acclimatization to cold 5.1. Cold acclimatization among indigenous people 5.2. Polar expeditions 5.3. Ski journeys 5.4. Sojourn in tropical climates 5.5. Cold acclimatization in modern soc...

The origin of brown adipocytes arising in white adipose tissue (WAT) after cold acclimatization is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that several UCP1-immunoreactive brown adipocytes occurring in WAT after cold acclimatization have a mixed morphology (paucilocular adipocytes). These cells also had a mixed mitochondrioma with classic "brown" and "white" mitochondria, suggesting intermediate steps in...

BACKGROUND Investigators have examined whether heat mortality risk is increased in neighborhoods subject to the urban heat island (UHI) effect but have not identified degrees of difference in susceptibility to heat and cold between cool and hot areas, which we call acclimatization to the UHI. OBJECTIVES We developed methods to examine and quantify the degree of acclimatization to heat- and co...

Following a rapid decrease in temperature, the physiology of Bacillus subtilis cells changes profoundly. Cold shock adaptation has been monitored at the level of membrane composition, adjustment in DNA topology, and change in cytosolic protein synthesis/composition. Some major players in these processes (cold-stress induced proteins and cold acclimatization proteins, CIPs and CAPs) have been id...

Cold acclimatization (4-5 degree C) is accompanied by 2-3 fold increase of brown adipose tissue (BAT). This rapid growth of interscapular BAT was studied after histamine depletion. In control rats maintained at room temperature (28 +/- 2 degree C) the BAT histamine content was 23.4 +/- 5.9 (mean +/- SD) microgram/g of tissue and cold acclimatization (5 +/- 1 degree C) produced a significant inc...

0 N EXPOSURE to cold the body has a complicated physiological problem to solve. There is a limit to the heat it can produce to provide for an increased heat loss and during exposure of much severity a heat deficit is incurred. While peripheral tissues are cooling, the central body temperature must be kept within a very narrow range if the function of vital organs is to be maintained. If the acc...

Both exercise training and cold acclimatization induce muscle remodelling in vertebrates, producing a more aerobic phenotype. In ectothermic species exercise training and cold-acclimatization represent distinct stimuli. It is currently unclear if these stimuli act through a common mechanism or if different mechanisms lead to a common phenotype. The goal of this study was to survey responses tha...

CHAMBER COLD ACCLIMATIZATION IN MAN

Human mortality is closely related to natural climate-determined levels of thermal environmental stress and the resulting thermophysiological strain. Most climate-mortality research has focused on seasonal extremes during winter and summer when mortality is the highest, while relatively little attention has been paid to mortality during the transitional seasons of autumn and spring. The body ac...