1 CDMA Concept 4 1.1 Basic Principles of Spread Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.1.1 Direct Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.2 Frequency Hopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1.3 Time Hopper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1.4 Hybrid Systems . ....

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is probably the most interesting multiple access method provided by spread spectrum technology. CDMA refers to a multiple access method in which the individual terminals use spreadspectrum techniques and occupy the entire spectrum whenever they transmit. This paper focuses on direct-sequence spread-spectrum principles (processing gain, spreading, de-spreadin...