There are some experiences that researcher come across quite number of time for very large networks in the initial samples such that they cannot finish the sampling procedure. Two solutions have been proposed and used by marine biologists which we discuss in this article: i) Adaptive cluster sampling based on order statistics with a stopping rule, ii) Restricted adaptive cluster sampling. Until...

Abstract:  The precision of conventional sampling designs is not usually satisfactory for estimating parameters of clump and rare populations. Many of fish species live in school and disperse all over a vast area like a sea so that they are rare compare to their habitats. Theory of a class of sampling designs called adaptive sampling designs has rapidly grown during last decade which solved the...

We identify a vertical extension of the red clump stars in the color magnitude diagram (CMD) of a section of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The distribution of stars in this extension is indistinguishable in the U , B, V , and I bands — confirming that the detection is real and placing a strong constraint on models of this stellar population. After subtracting the principal red clump compone...

We identify a vertical extension of the red clump stars in the color magnitude diagram (CMD) of a section of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The distribution of stars in this extension is indistinguishable in the U , B, V , and I bands — confirming that the detection is real and placing a strong constraint on models of this stellar population. After subtracting the principal red clump compone...

The red giant clump has been recently argued to be a reliable distance indicator for the galaxies in the Local Group. The accuracy of distance determinations based on this method, however, depend on the possible presence of systematic magnitude differences (∆M I ) between the local clump revealed by the Hipparcos colour-magnitude diagram, and the clump stars observed in distant galaxies. In thi...

The I-band brightnessMI of clump stars is a possible distance indicator for stellar populations. Investigations have shown that MI is almost insensitive to the (V − I) colour within the clump. Based on this, it was assumed that MI was insensitive to age and composition of the stellar population and therefore an ideal standard candle, which could be calibrated with local clump stars, whose absol...

We examine the morphology of the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) for core helium-burning (red clump) stars to test the recent suggestion by Zaritsky & Lin (1997) that an extension of the red clump in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) toward brighter magnitudes is due to an intervening population of stars that is responsible for a significant fraction of the observed microlensing toward the LMC. Us...

There are lines of evidence suggesting that some of the observed microlensing events in the direction of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) are caused by ordinary star lenses as opposed to dark Machos in the Galactic halo. Efficient lensing by ordinary stars generally requires the presence of one or more additional concentrations of stars along the line of sight to the LMC disk. If such a populat...

Compound processes are proposed as models for the acquisition of hydatid cysts in sheep, caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The hypothesis of a clumped infection process against single ingestions is tested and it is shown that the clump-based approach provides a more accurate description of the two data sets investigated. Models with simple and mixed Poisson incidence processes and...

We compare red clump stars with parallaxes known to better than 10% in the Hipparcos catalog and corrected for the interstellar extinction, with the OGLE red clump stars in Baade’s Window also corrected for the interstellar extinction. There are ∼ 600 and ∼ 10, 000 such stars in the two data sets, respectively. We find empirically that the average I-band magnitude of red clump stars does not de...