Steel pipes with circular cross-sections are usually used in cooling panels of electric arc furnaces. In the present study pipes with square cross-sections under equivalent conditions were used to obtain more information on the possibility of increasing the heat transfer and cooling efficiency. The results showed increased efficiency of the square pipe compared to the circular cross-section pip...

for the analysis of structures, the first step consists of configuration processing followed by data generation. this step is the most time consuming part of the analysis for large-scale structures. in this paper new graph products called triangular and circular graph products are developed for the formation of the space structures. the graph products are extensively used in graph theory and co...

Fine grooves machined into the surface panels of an antenna help to scatter solar radiation. In an earlier memo it was concluded that a circular profile for the grooves was superior to a triangular. After correcting some errors in that note the triangular grooves appear to be more effective. The corrected formulation and some additional comments are presented here.

Three-dimensional transient deformations of clamped flat and doubly curved polycarbonate (PC) panels impacted by a rigid smooth hemispherical-nosed circular cylinder have been numerically studied by the finite-element (FE) method to delineate effects of the panel radius of curvature to its thickness ratio on their penetration resistance. The PC is modeled as thermoelastoviscoplastic with the ef...

The amount of scattering of solar radiation by grooves machined into the surfaces of the MMA antenna panels is estimated. Circular cross-section grooves are found to be much more effective than triangular grooves since they scatter over a wider range of angles. The groove pitch should be comparable to or smaller than the wavelength at the highest operating frequency, or about 100300 μm, and ha...

Monkeys were trained to press whichever of two panels showed a small, circular, luminous stimulus. Their brightness thresholds were measured by decreasing the luminance of this stimulus, titrating their performance to the 75 y0 correct level, and averaging over 1000 trials. Both frontal eye-field and superior collicular lesions produced a small but significant rise in threshold when measured l-...