abstract   background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and is an important health economic problem. since 1960, there has been an increase in mortality associated with copd, especially in men. acute exacerbations form a major component of the socioeconomic burden of copd which mainly results in long-term hospitalization. despite the high...

background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is usually considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide, so finding proper therapeutic strategies for this disease is of high importance. in this meta-analysis, we reviewed the existing literature on the efficacy and safety of conventional long acting beta agonists (labas) in copd patients. methods: we searched medline and goog...

introduction chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a chronic disorder with many systematic complications and one of the most important reasons for patients to require mechanical ventilation, admission in intensive care unit and prolonged mechanical ventilation. although the first attempt in separation of mechanical ventilation is failed in half of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease...

asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are highly prevalent chronic diseases in the general population. both are characterized by similar mechanisms: airway inflammation, airway obstruction, and airway hyperresponsiveness. however, the distinction between the two obstructive diseases is not always clear. multiple epidemiological studies demonstrate that in elderly people with o...

background : there is little evidence about the role of zafirlukast (a highly selective ltd4 antagonist) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). the zafirlukast can reduce the need for short-acting rescue β2 agonists, produce fewer exacerbations of asthma and increased quality of life as possible benefits treatment for asthma. the aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of zafirlu...

????????Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD????????????????????COPD?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????/????????? COPD?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????COPD???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????COPD??????????????

????????Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD????????????????????COPD?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????/????????? COPD?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????COPD???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????COPD??????????????

????????Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD????????????????????COPD?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????/????????? COPD?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????COPD???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????COPD??????????????

????????Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD????????????????????COPD?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????/????????? COPD?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????COPD???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????COPD??????????????

????????Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD????????????????????COPD?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????/????????? COPD?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????COPD???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????COPD??????????????