Objective(s): Chikungunya virus (ChikV) infection is characterized by persistent infection in joints and lymphoid organs. The ChikV Capsid protein plays an important role in regulating virus replication. In this study, we hypothesized that capsid protein may stimulate dendritic cell (DC) activation and maturation and trigger an inflammatory response in mice. ...

During infection with an RNA virus, the DExD/H-box RNA helicases RIG-I (retinoic acid–inducible gene I) and MDA5 (melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5) activate the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), nuclear factor kB (NF-kB), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways through an unknown mechanism involving the adaptor protein...

During infection with an RNA virus, the DExD/H-box RNA helicases RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5) activate the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways through an unknown mechanism involving the adaptor protein...

Poxvirus systems have been extensively used as vaccine vectors. Herein a RNA-Seq analysis of intramuscular injection sites provided detailed insights into host innate immune responses, well expression vector and recombinant immunogen genes, after vaccination with new multiplication defective, vaccinia-based vector, Sementis Copenhagen Vector. Chikungunya Zika virus mRNA protein was associated n...

BACKGROUND Lichen-derived glucans have been known to stimulate the functions of immune cells. However, immunostimulatory activity of glucan obtained from edible lichen, Umbilicaria esculenta, has not been reported. Thus we evaluated the phenotype and functional maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) following treatment of extracted glucan (PUE). METHODS The phenotypic and functional maturation o...

IL-12 is a crucial cytokine for dendritic cell-mediated induction of Th 1 cell differentiation. TLR ligands induce IL-12 to differing extents. Stimulation of dendritic cells allowed for the differentiation of three groups of TLRs; potency to induce IL-12 decreased in the order of TLR7/9, TLR3/4, and TLR1/2/6 stimulation. The MAPK, PI3K, and IRF (IFN regulatory factor) signaling pathways could b...

Activation of interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor (IL-1R), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4 triggers NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent signaling, thereby initiating immune responses. Tollip has been implicated as a negative regulator of NF-kappaB signaling triggered by these receptors in in vitro studies. Here, deficient mice were used to determine the physiological...

At mucosal surfaces, immature resident Dendritic Cells, Langerhans Cells and their subsets are the first cell types to encounter HIV-1 virus. During early stages of infection, dendritic cells sense virus through innate immune mechanisms inducing maturation activating adaptive responses. subverts system by hijacking cells, impairing cellular function promote survival propagation trans-infection ...

Abstract Naïve T cells and regulatory cells, when purified, do not proliferate to the common cytokine receptor γ-chain family cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7 or IL-15, despite their expression of cognate receptors. Cell-to-cell contact with dendritic (DCs) enabled proliferation cell these cytokines, independent antigen recognition stimulation. This effect lasted after separation from DCs, en...

A number of receptors and signaling pathways can influence the ability of dendritic cells (DC) to promote CD4(+) Th type 1 (Th1) responses. In contrast, the regulatory pathways and signaling events that govern the ability of DC to instruct Th2 cell differentiation remain poorly defined. In this report, we demonstrate that NF-kappaB1 expression within DC is required to promote optimal Th2 respon...