We investigated the susceptibility to Usutu virus (Flavivirus) of 13 permanent cell lines, 3 primary cell cultures, and chicken embryos. Vero, PK-15, and goose embryo fibroblast cells developed cytopathic effects; however, viral multiplication was detected in all mammalian cell types by immunohistochemical tests. Chicken embryo fibroblast cells and chicken embryos were resistant.

Antiviral potential and stability analysis of chicken interferon-? produced by Newcastle disease virus in embryo fibroblast cells | FR Anjum, SU Rahman, MA Aslam, AS Qureshi Agricultural Journals

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is a crucial regulator that suppresses c-Jun N-terminal kinase and non-canonical nuclear factor-kB signaling, but facilitates type I interferon production. To determine TRAF3 function in innate immune responses among birds, particularly chicken, we cloned and characterized the chicken TRAF3 gene (chTRAF3) and detected its tissue express...

Low-molecular-weight RNA from transforming viruses (Rous sarcoma virus-Rous-associated virus 1, Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus, and sarcoma-B(77)), from nontransforming viruses (Rous-associated virus 1 and sarcoma-NTB(77)), and from chicken liver, chicken embryo fibroblast, and Rous sarcoma virus-Rous-associated virus 1-transformed chicken embryo fibroblast was isolated and purifie...

Two closely related protein-tyrosine kinases with the characteristics of growth factor receptors were identified by screening a chicken embryo cDNA expression library with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies and were designated Cek2 and Cek3 (chicken embryo kinases 2 and 3). Cek2 and Cek3 are structurally related to Cek1, a chicken basic fibroblast growth factor receptor, and presumably represent r...

Sex in birds is determined genetically as in mammals and a Z-linked gene DMRT1 is required for testis development. But it remains possible that the W chromosome contains a similarly critical factor for female development. The W-linked gene PKCIW was put forward as the seductive candidate for avian sex determination and/or sex differentiation. Mis-expression and over-expression of PKCIW were per...

Chick embryos are a great historical research model in basic and applied sciences. Along with other animal models, avian and specifically chicken embryo has been attended, as well. Avian fertilized eggs as a natural bioreactor are an efficient tool for producing recombinant proteins and vaccines manufacturing. Due to the limitations of birds' eggs for viral replication, avian stem cells culture...

Surveillance of wild bird populations for avian influenza viruses (AIV) contributes to our understanding of AIV evolution and ecology. Both real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) and virus isolation in embryonating chicken eggs (ECE) are standard methods for detecting AIV in swab samples from wild birds, but AIV detection rates are higher with RRT-PCR than isolation...

An exonuclease which degrades native deoxyribonucleic acid at pH 9.2 was induced in chick embryo fibroblast cultures and in human amnion cells by infection with cowpox virus. Highly purified chick embryo interferon suppressed the induction of the enzyme in the homologous cell system but not in the human amnion cell cultures. "Mock" interferon prepared from uninfected chicken eggs and purified i...