Issam Najm, Carol Tate, and Douglas Selby he upcoming Disinfectants/Disinfection ByProducts (D/DBP) Rule recognizes that a greater reduction in the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of a natural water supply may appreciably reduce the concentrations of known and unknown DBPs formed during chlorination. Thus, the D/DBP Rule requires that conventional surface water treatment plants use enh...

Inorganic aluminum or iron salts have been used for many decades to coagulate colloidal particles in surface water prior to flocculation, sedimentation and/or filtration. Although effective, inorganic coagulants have several disadvantages including large chemical dosages required for treating eutrophic waters, large volumes of chemical sludge produced, and toxic effects of metallic coagulants o...

Introduction: Since some dyes and their metabolites have toxicity and carcinogenicity potential, and are dangerous to the health of different living creatures, discharge of untreated wastewaters containing large concentrations of dye compounds into water resources is one of the important environmental problems. Therefore, in this research, the efficiency of chemical coagulation process was inve...

The natural coagulant Moringa oleifera (MO) is considered to be an efficient coagulant with some advantages over chemical coagulants. Fluoride removal, using MO seed extract was investigated. The influence of MO dosage, initial F concentration, and pH were determined and modeled using the Box-Behnken design response surface methodology. With a constant initial F concentration, it was found that...

This study is on the reuse of the residue generated by a Moringa oleifera oil extraction plant. The residual oil cake produced during the process of oil extraction retains the positively charged protein of the M. oleifera seed, which is the active component in the process of 15 attracting and capturing suspended particles in waters. Such coagulant–flocculant properties give rise to the eliminat...

Abstract Wastewater issues became a complex challenge in the world. There are several methods wastewater treatment, such as chemical, physical, biological, and combination of each method. However, process has advantages disadvantages. The physicochemical common used adsorption coagulation. Adsorption coagulation excellent to remove pollutants. is greatly influenced by pH, adsorbent dose, temper...

Coagulation –flocculation process remains a very essential part in the water treatment chain. It involves both physical and chemical phenomena and hence susceptible to high percentage of errors due to human factor. In order to reduce this percentage error and obtain optimal treatment efficiency, an intelligent coagulant dosing based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was proposed. Design of the...

The hydrolysis/precipitation behaviors of Al(3+), Al(13) and Al(30) under conditions typical for flocculation in water treatment were investigated by studying the particulates' size development, charge characteristics, chemical species and speciation transformation of coagulant hydrolysis precipitates. The optimal pH conditions for hydrolysis precipitates formation for AlCl(3), PAC(Al13) and PA...

The polysaccharides and proteins of various seeds have bioflocculant properties. The performance of naturally occurring Strychnos potatorum was evaluated against the chemical coagulant alum. The study involved extensive jar test experiments using Strychnos potatorum suspension and alum solution either independently or in combination with spiked turbid water prepared in the laboratory. It was ob...

Ras cheeses were manufactured using aqueous extract of globe artichoke or artichoke flowers (Cynara scolymus) proteinase as coagulant were compared to calf rennet. There were slight differences between chemical composition of cheese made using vegetable coagulants or calf rennet. Cheeses manufactured with artichoke extract as coagulant exhibited higher (p < 0.05) levels of water soluble nitroge...