The eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) is a popular woody ornamental plant native to eastern North America that is planted in the landscape chiefly for its showy early spring bloom. The genus Cercis (family Fabaceae) contains, depending on author, 7 to 13 species or subspecies that occur in North America, Europe, and Asia (4,7,8). Species range in size from small shrubs to trees, tolerate fu...

ROS detoxification is an essential process in protecting plant cells and their organelles, which is caused by ROS generated in stress condition. Peroxidase (POD) isozyme, Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity are the indicators of plants for measuring pollution effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate Cd-induced stress on POD isozymes, MDA co...

At a time when historical biogeography appears to be again expanding its scope after a period of focusing primarily on discerning area relationships using cladograms, new inference methods are needed to bring more kinds of data to bear on questions about the geographic history of lineages. Here we describe a likelihood framework for inferring the evolution of geographic range on phylogenies tha...