a case of direct carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (ccf) after closed head injury is presented. a 22-year-old male presented to the emergency department of shohada tajrish hospital with the chief complaint of blurred vision and pulsatile retro-orbital headache. the patient had closed head injury due to car accident 2 month ago with lower limb fracture. after a 2-week symptom-free period, he devel...

This is a report of a case with unilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis due to ipsilateral ethmoid sinusitis. A 10 year old female was admitted in our hospital with severe headache, purulent postnasal discharge, right eye proptosis and third cranial nerve palsy in the same eye. She had history of viral upper respiratory tract infection and then acute otitis media which did not improve with rou...

this is a report of a case with unilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis due to ipsilateral ethmoid sinusitis. a 10 year old female was admitted in our hospital with severe headache, purulent postnasal discharge, right eye proptosis and third cranial nerve palsy in the same eye. she had history of viral upper respiratory tract infection and then acute otitis media which did not improve with routin...

hemangiomas of the sinonasal tract are rare, and because these lesions lack the typical signs or symptoms, they can be confused with other malignant conditions. we report a case of cavernous hemangioma of the maxillary sinus in a 68-year-old man that was completely resected by endoscopic sinus surgery. although computed tomography (ct) and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) showed several enhanci...

background & importance: the aim of this study was to demonstrate the result of transsphenoid microsurgery for cushing disease in our center and comparing the results in details with other articles, to achieve the best decision for patients management in future. case presentation: between 1991 to 2015, 50 patients suffering from cushing disease were operated. before operation, endocrine tests a...

PURPOSE To evaluate the significance of cavernous sinus gas identified on head CT scans. METHODS Head CT scans were viewed prospectively for a period of 3 years. The charts of patients who demonstrated cavernous sinus gas were reviewed. RESULTS Seventeen patients without head trauma and 10 patients with head trauma demonstrated gas in the cavernous sinus. None of the patients had symptoms o...

AIM We examined the cavernous sinus invasion and tumor biological markers that influence the remission rate. Cavernous sinus (CS) invasion was evaluated radiologically. Tumor biological markers consisting of the tumor cell growth parameter Ki-67 and the cancer cell vasculature marker of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined 28 immunohistoch...

An anatomical-angiographic classification for carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas is introduced and a series of 14 patients with spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas is reviewed to illustrate the usefulness of such a classification for patient evaluation and treatment. Fistulas are divided into four types: Type A are direct high-flow shunts between the internal carotid artery and the caver...

A 55 year old male patient was operated on for a massive and vascular acoustic neurinoma in a sitting position. The tumor was completely excised. Post-operatively, the patient developed irritability and clinical features suggestive of contralateral cavernous sinus thrombosis. CT scan showed air within the dural walls of the cavernous sinus on the side of surgery. However, there was no radiologi...

BACKGROUND The cavernous sinus communicates with several para-cavernous sinus venous structures, receiving blood flow from the superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV), the sphenoparietal sinus (SPS), and the superior ophthalmic vein, and draining into the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses and pterygoid and basilar plexuses. Anatomic variations of these veins have been previously reported; ...