Syntactic constructions roughly correspond to sentence meanings. Previous research has shown that Chinese children can associate an SVO construction with a causative event at age 2, but do not always map an SV construction to a noncausative event even after reaching 5 years of age. The latter results may be attributed to the fact that Chinese allows argument-dropping (Jiang & Haryu, 2010). This...

Background and purpose: In a recent century, the amount of construction waste has increased significantly. Although the building industry has a considerable role in the development of a society, it is regarded as an environmentally destructive. Source reduction is the highest goal in the waste management hierarchy and is in priority. It also has economic benefits by reducing costs associated wi...

This research investigates three ongoing language changes in Japanese: sa-Insertion, ra-Deletion, and re-Insertion, in light of the “change from above/below” (Labov 1990). Sa-Insertion involves a process, which adds an extra -asto the causative morpheme, yielding a double causative construction (1). Ra-Deletion involves a process which deletes -rain the potential morpheme (2). Re-Insertion invo...

background and purpose: in a recent century, the amount of construction waste has increased significantly. although the building industry has a considerable role in the development of a society, it is regarded as an environmentally destructive. source reduction is the highest goal in the waste management hierarchy and is in priority. it also has economic benefits by reducing costs associated wi...

Causatives are valence increasing operation where another core argument, a causal agent (causer), is added for expressing semantic or logical effect of causation on the non-causative verb. Causative construction comprises causer –the predicate cause, and causee – caused event (Payne 1997: 176). This paper described formation causatives in Maring, lesser-known Tibeto-Burman language spoken south...

A principle is proposed that organizes verbs in the lexicon according to their meaning and the number of arguments they require. This principle, which we call the Paradigmatic Structure, acts as a filter for the permanent lexicon, letting all verb stems into the lexicon but only some morphological derivatives. The effects of the Paradigmatic Structure are observed in blocking, in which some but...