Ferrous metals include cast iron, steel, and the various steel alloys, The only difference between iron and steel is the carbon content. Cast iron contains more than 2-percent carbon, while steel contains less than 2 percent. An alloy is a substance composed of two or more elements. Therefore, all steels are an alloy of iron and carbon, but the term “alloy steel” normally refers to a steel that...

The metallic low and intermediate level radioactive waste generally consists of carbon steel and stainless steels. The corrosion rate of carbon steel in deep groundwater is typically low, unless the water is very acidic or microbial activity in the environment is high. Therefore, the assessment of microbially induced corrosion of carbon steel in deep bedrock environment has become important for...

in the present work, deoxidation and refining of 316lvm steel (low carbon vacuum melted) during the vacuum induction melting process was studied. this grade of stainless steel is one of the most important materials in medical applications. vacuum deoxidation by carbon is the first stage of 316lvm stainless steel production process. in this stage, aluminum must be absent to avoid killing the c-o...

Initiation of corrosion on reinforcing bars occurs when a critical chloride concentration is achieved. A universal value for the chloride concentration that causes depassivation has not been agreed upon for carbon steels due to a variety of experimental factors. The chloride threshold depends on the rebar material, rebar surface condition, testing environment, method of detection, definition of...

In this paper, the semiconducting behavior of carbon steel in acid, base and salt solutions was studied by utilizing potential-capacitance and Mott-Schottky analysis. It was pointed out that the capacitance variation of space charge layer of carbon steel in different solution was different. The carbon steel showed p-type semiconducting behavior in 5% sulfuric acid and 5% sodium sulfate solution...

The present work has as main aim to make a small introduction about the types of steels, specially the ones used in the construction industry. This material is appreciated in construction due to its many advantages as strengths, resistance, adaptability and flexibility in design, durability, recyclability,...; even thou its also has week points like a low resistance to fire, weak against corros...

The biodegradable inhibitors, which could effectively reduce the rate of corrosion of carbon steel, were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The mixed-type inhibitors extracted from Eriobotrya japonica Thunb. leaf exhibited excellent inhibition performance, and the inhibition efficiency for carbon steel reached 90.0% at 298 K in hydroch...

According to the characteristics of low-carbon steel pitting acoustic emission signal, one new characteristic analysis-WICA is proposed. The main idea of WICA is that based on the independent component analysis blind source separation technology as well as the wavelet transformation decomposition technology, proposed determines the low-carbon steel pitting source number according to the energy ...

a proposed method for protecting carbon steel and hence reducing iron release in an aqueous solution saturated with h2s is presented in this paper. the method is based on forming a stable and resistant sulfide layer (pyrite, fes2, or pyrrhotite, fe(1-x)s, phase or a mixture of both) on the carbon steel surface. the study on the formation of the sulfide layer was carried out considering the effe...