in the process of production, some of the inputs are fixed and cannot easily be changed, such as work hours of workers and hours of administrative or work, these types of inputs are fixed and others are variables. in this paper, by considering some inputs or outputs which are limited, their amounts must be integrated; this concept for integer data is extended. we show the importance of subject ...

this study aims to estimate economic capacity and, in turn the utilization rate of economic capacity in iran’s electricity generation industry during 1350-1388. aggregate time series data for thermal power plants are used. with parametric restrictions for linear homogeneity in input prices imposed, capital demand function is first derived and estimated. this allows the derivation of economic ca...

This study aims to measure the production capacity and capacity utilization in pharmaceutical industry. The capacity utilization is the ratio of actual production level to the potential production level which shows the gap between real production and production capacity. Method: Through econometric methods, the short-run translog cost function is estimated with the cost share function of produ...

This study aims to measure the production capacity and capacity utilization in pharmaceutical industry. The capacity utilization is the ratio of actual production level to the potential production level which shows the gap between real production and production capacity. Method: Through econometric methods, the short-run translog cost function is estimated with the cost share function of produ...

The current study investigates performance in two-stage production systems through the measurement of capacity utilization (CU). In short-run, the degree of capacity utilization depends on the ability of decision making units to utilize fixed production factors. To develop this indicator in two-stage production processes, a modified SBM network DEA model is proposed. A numerical example is also...

C apacity utilization in U.S. industry features prominently in discussions of inflation. This prominence derives from the widely held viewpoint that “high” rates of capacity utilization are tantamount to resourceshortage conditions or “bottlenecks” that inevitably erupt into price inflation. For instance, an article in Citicorp’s Economic Week (January 18, 1994) argues: “In the past, a utilizat...

Policymakers and economic analysts have recently been concerned about potential inflationary pressures in the U.S. economy. Various economic statistics show the amount of unused productive resources has been diminishing. For example, the civilian unemployment rate has decreased and the capacity utilization rate of the nation’s factories has risen. If real output grows rapidly in the future, the...

Americans rely on emergency departments (EDs) to play a critical role in the health care safety net. But while the number of ED visits climbed significantly, the number of EDs dropped from 5,000 to 4,000 from 1991 to 2006. This synthesis examines the evidence on who uses EDs, the causes and consequences of overcrowding, and the cost of providing care in the ED. Key findings include: privately i...