A Na(+)/H(+) antiporter gene (CvNHA1) was cloned from the salt-tolerant yeast Candida versatilis. CvNHA1 encodes an antiporter with a typical yeast plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter structure. Transcription of CvNHA1 in C. versatilis cells was dependent on the salinity of the culture. When CvNHA1 was expressed in salt-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, increased salt-tolerance was ob...

Background: Ethyl carbamate (EC), a byproduct that naturally forms in fermented foods, can cause tumors and cell death is classified as probable human carcinogen (Group 2A). EC formed through the alcoholysis reaction between ethanol carbamyl compounds. The major precursors dominantly emerging stages of differ with disparate food types, including soy sauce. This work aimed to clarify formation i...

Soy sauce is a salty condiment and is known as shoyu in Japan, chiang-yu (or -yi) in China, kecap in Indonesia, kanjang in Korea, toyo in The Philippines, and see-ieu in Thailand (O’Toole, 1997). In the fermentation of soy sauce in Thailand, Aspergillus oryzae strains have been used for koji production (Lotong, 1998). Zygosaccharomyces rouxii strains were reported to ferment glucose or other su...

The ultrastructure of isolated cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the log and stationary phases of growth was studied after treatment with the following enzymes: purified endo-beta-(1 --> 3)-glucanase and endo-beta-(1 --> 6)-glucanase produced by Bacillus circulans; purified exo-beta-glucanase and endo-beta-(1 --> 3)-glucanase produced by Schizosaccharomyces versatilis; commercial Pron...

Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their cell wall components, zymosan and glucan, have been shown to stimulate interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL-8) production by intestinal epithelial cell-like Caco-2 cells pre-cultured with 10 mM butyric acid. We examined in this study whether these yeasts also altered the production of other cytokines and cyclooxygenases (COXs) by Caco-2 cells. Culturing ...

Coleus aromaticus Benth (Lamiaceae) is known as a must-have plant in medicinal herb garden. The plant is well known for its antimicrobial and pharmacological activities. It is also reported to possess antioxidant and food additive properties. Antioxidant activity is reported to be mainly due to rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. The essential oil of Coleus aromaticus has great ...

D-Mannitol has not so far been known as a major product of sugar metabolism by yeasts. Three yeast strains, a newly isolated yeast from soy-sauce mash, Torulopsis versatilis, and T. anomala, were found to be good mannitol producers. Under optimal conditions, the isolate produced mannitol at good yield of 30% of the sugar consumed. Glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, maltose, glycerol, and xy...