Cam-effect impingement, which is related to femoral headneck deformity, is a common cause of hip impingement. Statistical shape modelling technique which aims to calculate a mean shape and to extract mathematical descriptions of morphological variations from a set of complex shapes was used to predict a normal shape for a cam-type femur based on landmarks taken from normal area of this cam-type...

Cam femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is characterized by a malformed femoral head that may cause shearing between the femur and acetabulum, leading to intraarticular damage and early hip osteoarthritis. Radiographic measurements are used to diagnose cam FAI, but provide only a planar view of the femoral head and often assume the ideal femur shape to be spherical. Statistical shape modeling (S...

Statistical shape modeling (SSM) was used to quantify 3D variation and morphologic differences between femurs with and without cam femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). 3D surfaces were generated from CT scans of femurs from 41 controls and 30 cam FAI patients. SSM correspondence particles were optimally positioned on each surface using a gradient descent energy function. Mean shapes for groups w...

A CAD (computer aided design) analysis software package (CADVIEW) was designed for use with prosthetic and orthotic CAD CAM (computer aided design/computer aided manufacture) systems. Using the Microsoft Windows 3.1 environment, CADVIEW provides a series of anatomical shape viewing and analysis tools. These tools include simultaneous display of multiple sockets and multiple views, two dimension...

The proximal femur is abnormally shaped in patients with cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Impingement may elicit bone remodeling at the proximal femur, causing increases in cortical bone thickness. We used correspondence-based shape modeling to quantify and compare cortical thickness between cam patients and controls for the location of the cam lesion and the proximal femur. Compute...

The crystal structure of a mutant calmodulin (CaM) lacking Glu-84 has been refined to R = 0.23 using data measured to 2.9-A resolution. In native CaM the central helix is fully extended, and the molecule is dumbbell shaped. In contrast, the deletion of Glu-84 causes a bend of 95 degrees in the linker region of the central helix at Ile-85. However, EF-hand domains 1 and 2 (lobe 1,2) do not touch...

To understand cell interactions during induction of skin appendages, we studied the roles of adhesion molecules N-CAM, tenascin, integrin, and fibronectin during feather development. Tenascin appeared in a periodic pattern on epithelia and was so far the earliest molecule detected in placodes. Three placode domains were identified: the anterior was positive for tenascin, the distal positive for...

Small-angle X-ray scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to investigate the structural change of calcium-bound calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) in solution upon binding to its antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7). The radius of gyration was 17.4+/-0.3 A for Ca2+/CaM-W-7 with a molar ratio of 1:5 and 20.3+/-0.7 A for Ca2+/CaM. Comparison of the radius of gyratio...