Material excavation is the primary activity in surface mining operations; and shovel excavators are the primary production equipment in mining industry. The active population of cable shovels is about 2400 units around the world out of which 1700 are 20mt or larger capacity (http://parkerbaymining.com/mining-equipment/ electric-shovels.htm). Joy Global (P&H), Caterpillar (formerly under Bucyrus...

Nowadays, shovels play an important role in production of open pit mines and their failures result in significant production loss and considerable increase in maintenance costs. Therefore, reliability and risk analysis can help to improve production, productivity and reduce production costs. In this study, reliability of electric cable shovel of Chadormalu iron ore mine in Iran was investigated...

An analytical algorithm for the estimation of the resistance forces exerted on the dipper of a cable shovel and the specific energy consumed in the cutting-loading process is presented. Forces due to payload and to cutting of geomaterials under given initial conditions, cutting trajectory of the bucket, bucket’s design, and geomaterial properties are analytically computed. The excavation proces...

Electric cable shovel excavator is widely used in the surface mining operations of oil sand and other highly abrasive formations. The oil sands mines in Alberta use P&H 4100 C Boss shovel [1,2] for their loading operations. The lower works of this shovel consist of propel and crawler systems [3-7]. The crawler system consists of a crawler track assembly, front and rear idlers, lower rollers and...

Electric cable shovel excavator is widely used in the surface mining operations of oil sand and other highly abrasive formations. The oil sands mines in Alberta use P&H 4100 C Boss shovel [1,2] for their loading operations. The lower works of this shovel consist of propel and crawler systems [3-7]. The crawler system consists of a crawler track assembly, front and rear idlers, lower rollers and...

We evaluated the two-year effects of variable-retention harvest on chipmunk (Tamias spp.) abundance (N̂) and habitat in mature coniferous forests in western Oregon and Washington because wildlife responses to density/pattern of retained trees remain largely unknown. In a randomized complete-block design, six treatments were applied to 13-ha units at three sites (blocks): four retention levels of...

OBJECTIVE A shovel with a blade perforated with small holes was tested to see whether a worker would use less whole-body energy to dig wet clay than with a shovel with an opaque blade. BACKGROUND A perforated shovel is hypothesized to require less whole-body energy on the basis of adhesion theory; a smaller surface area would require less physical effort to dig and release soil from the blade...

Abstract Electric cable shovel (ECS) is a complex production equipment, which widely utilized in open-pit mines. Rational valuations of load the foundation for development intelligent or unmanned ECS, since it directly influences planning digging trajectories and energy consumption. Load prediction ECS mainly consists two types methods: physics-based modeling data-driven methods. The former app...

Most engineering artifacts behave in a continuous fashion, and this property is generally believed to underlie their dependability. In contrast, software systems do not have continuous behavior, which is taken to be an underlying cause of their undependability. The theory of software reliability has been questioned because technically the sampling on which it is based applies only to continuous...