This paper proposes an algorithm for CT saturation by behavior of distorted secondary current. The purpose of current transformer is to convert the primary current in the secondary circuit in a most accurate way. However, during fault conditions CT gets saturated. Some reasons due to current transformer (CT) can saturate like: attempting to mal operation of CT, heavy burden apply on the seconda...

The restricted earth fault (REF) relay is a type of differential protection which is used for detection of internal ground faults of power transformers. But, during external faults and transformer energization conditions, the probability of current transformer (CT) saturation increases. Thus, the spurious differential current due to CT saturation, can lead to REF relay maloperation. In this pap...

-Protective systems require a faithful reproduction of primary current on the Current Transformer (CT) secondary side. Saturation is a common problem in a steel core CT. Saturation problem causes dreadful effects in the protection systems. This paper presents a simple solution towards detection and compensation of current transformer saturation problems. This paper describes a method in which C...

Current transformer (CT) saturation is one of the significant problems for protection engineers. If CT saturation is not tackled properly, it can cause a disastrous effect on the stability of the power system, and may even create a complete blackout. To cope with CT saturation properly, an accurate detection or classification should be preceded. Recently, deep learning (DL) methods have brought...

This paper presents a novel current transformer (CT) saturation detection approach based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs). High accuracy is the advantage of this method. GMMs are trained with secondary current of CT. The appropriate performance of the proposed method is tested by simulation of different fault conditions in PSCAD/EMTDC software. The results show that the trained GMMs can succes...

Glutamatergic synapses of layer 6 corticothalamic (CT) neurons form a major excitatory input onto thalamic relay cells, allowing neocortex to continuously control sensory information processing in thalamic circuits. CT synapses display both short- and long-term forms of use-dependent synaptic enhancement, mediated at least in part by increases in the probability of transmitter release. At some ...

Glutamatergic synapses of layer 6 corticothalamic (CT) neurons form a major 28 excitatory input onto thalamic relay cells, allowing neocortex to continuously control sensory 29 information processing in thalamic circuits. CT synapses display both shortand long-term forms 30 of use-dependent synaptic enhancement, mediated at least in part by increases in the probability 31 of transmitter release...

Objective To compare radiation doses between conventional and chest pain protocols using dual-source retrospectively electrocardiography (ECG)-gated cardiothoracic computed tomography (CT) in children and adults and assess the effect of tube current saturation on radiation dose reduction. Materials and Methods This study included 104 patients (16.6 ± 7.7 years, range 5-48 years) that were div...

The objective was to investigate the effects of CT-guided lumbar sympathicolysis on somatic regional oxygen saturation, arterial flow velocity, and skin temperature of the lower limbs in patients with advanced peripheral artery disease (PAD). CT-guided lumbar sympathicolysis was additionally performed after successful revascularization therapy in 61 patients with PAD in categories 5 and 6 accor...

The paper presents a new algorithm, its implementation, and results of extensive testing, for a microprocessor-based lowimpedance busbar relay. For increased security, the presented technique combines percent differential and current directional protection principles. The directional (phase comparison) principle does not require a voltage signal as it responds to relative directions of the curr...