The paper begins with a look at the past – a historical perspective on how C4ISR assessment evolved. Prior to 1970, national security assessments generally neglected C4ISR issues. This paper describes the changes that took place thirty years ago, which entailed a basic reengineering of the C4ISR assessment process. This involved fundamental changes in community culture, organizations, education...

A critical problem in filling C4ISR technology gaps in future or existing systems is the inability to reconfigure existing “stovepipe” C4ISR architectures to test and prototype solutions. Existing C4ISR systems, such as those in the Army Battle Command System (ABCS) are inflexible, and costly and time consuming to alter in attempts to find solutions. To solve this problem, CHI Systems has devel...

In this paper we present a simple testbed for experimenting with C4ISR architectures (based on a “SCUD hunt” scenario), the FINC methodology for analysing C4ISR architectures, and some experimental results. The testbed allows us to explore different organisational architectures under a range of conditions. The FINC (Force, Intelligence, Networking and C2) methodology allows the calculation of t...

There is a strong necessity to solve the interoperability issue between information systems used for Command, Control, Computing, Communications, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Intelligence (C4ISR) and combat simulation systems. Interopera-bility is an operationally driven requirement in several application domains of combat simulation systems and it is stated in milestone documents such as th...

advances in military capability. C4ISR systems are now necessary needed to win in a war. Success in modern warfare is also a matter of location, so the development of a COP for integrated air and ground operations is a basic objective. The C4ISR systems are necessary to create a comprehensive picture of the environment for the purpose of conducting both military and civilian command and control...

The Land C4ISR Synthetic Environment being constructed by Land Operations Division, DSTO, is a mix of real and simulated component systems. A wargame (ModSAF) provides the underlying simulated battle including all of the engagement functions, but the C4ISR components, in particular the surveillance, communications, situation awareness and C2 systems have been developed as separate modules, eith...

In 1998, the United States Department of Defense mandated the C4ISR Architecture Framework for all ongoing and future contracted architectures. The goal is to ensure that future military systems are interoperable and provide the warfighter with the support and effectiveness required for successful missions. The C4ISR Architecture Framework specifies a set of “standard” views capturing various s...

In this paper we re-examine the FINC (Force, Intelligence, Networking and C2) methodology for analysing C4ISR architectures, studying its applicability to hierarchical organisational structures in the Land environment. For this study we utilise a search-and-manoeuvre experimental scenario, implemented using an agent-based simulation written in Java. The FINC methodology allows the calculation o...

In this paper, we describe the FINC methodology for analysing C4ISR and NCW architectures. We utilise the “Black Hawk Down” incident in Mogadishu as a case study, in order to demonstrate how the FINC Intelligence Coefficient metric is calculated. We show how the FINC methodology can be used to evaluate possible improvements to the C4ISR architecture used in Mogadishu, and to NCW architectures m...