Burn-in faces significant challenges in recent CMOS technologies. The self-generated heat of each IC in a burn-in environment contributes to larger currents that can lead to further increase in junction temperatures, possible thermal run away, and yield-loss of good parts. Calculations show that the junction temperature is increasing by 1.45X/generation. This paper estimates the increase in jun...

The objective of this work is to develop and validate a numerical model that can conduct a transient analysis of heat transfer and the corresponding damage in skin burns. Once this model is developed, an examination of the effect of cooling on reducing damage from skin burns is carried out. A finite element numerical model is used to simulate the conduction of heat and the transient progress of...

For a given burn, a greater dose was required to raise the temperature to the same level tuhen the spectral distribution of the source included both the visible and the near infrared. Temperature rises compatible with steam production have not been obtained even for very intense burns. In cases of retinal explosion the temperature rose above 40° C, which when added to the body temperature gave ...

Burn-on and penetration defects in steel casting are principally caused by localised overheating of the sand mould or cores. Such overheating can cause liquid metal to compromise the mould surface and entrain onto the surface of the mould. A method has been developed to predict likely burn-on and penetration defect locations as part of a standard casting simulation. The method relies on determi...

Major burn injury remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. With advances in burn care and with the development of experienced multi-disciplinary teams at regionalized burn centers, many children are surviving severe burn injury. As members of the multi-disciplinary care team, anesthesia providers are called upon to care for these critically ill children. The...

Temperature evolution and skin burn process in biological samples exposed to laser radiation are investigated in this communication. A one-dimensional multi-layered model is presented and transient temperature is numerically estimated using a finite difference method. A damage function corresponding to the extent of burn injury and using the Arrhenius assumptions is proposed. Two experimental b...

Yet for numerical simulations of detonation waves in plastic binded explosives (PBX) empirical pressure dependent reaction rates, such as ``Forest fire'' or the ``Ignition and Growth'' model, are typically used. The underlying reason for this disparity between between fundamental chemical rate laws and empirical burn models is due to the fact that a PBX is a heterogeneous material consisting of...

In this research work, the effectiveness of stainless steel sheet for the production of motor cycle exhaust muffler burn protector was investigated. Energy Dispersive X-Ray fluorescence method was used to determine the chemical composition of the stainless steel materials and exhaust muffler of the motor cycle. The stainless steel sheet was perforated and folded to frustum shape to achieve aero...