osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease. in addition to morbidity, osteoporotic fractures also increase mortality risk in affected patients. enough evidence is not available to indicate that, like western countries, osteoporosis is a public health problem in iran. therefore emrc planned to estimate the burden of osteoporotic fractures in year 2001 based on existing sources of dat...

malaria is the second most frequent clinically suspected disease entity after acute respiratory tract infection in developing countries. active malarial transmission occurs throughout the year, while aggressive out bursts of disease are seen mainly during and after the 'monsoon' season. this study aimed to determine the morbidity and mortality associated with malaria during flood at isra univer...

background: in the process of cancer treatment, mothers of children with cancer experience burden of care as a result of these conditions. early detection of burden of care has an important role in promoting health care. the aim of this study was to evaluate burden of care in mothers of children with a malignancy. materials and methods: this cross sectional study was done on 70 mothers of child...

iran has had incremental incidence of traffic accident mortality since introduction of mechanization about a century ago. but the newest data from iran show decrease in the absolute number of deaths, death per 10,000 vehicles and death per 100, 000 populations. despite its huge impact on health and economy, research in the field of traffic crashes is still scant and there are still deficiencies...

background: economic burden due to premature mortalities is significant both on health system and on the society as a whole. this study aimed to determine the productivity costs and years of potential life lost associated with five leading causes of death in iran from 2006 to 2010.   methods: data on mortality by sex and age-groups due to five main leading causes of death   (myocardial infarcti...

the present study is an attempt to find out cultural exophoric references in four common english textbooks, namely touch stone, american file, top notch, and total english series used at iranian english language institutes and to compare the frequency of occurrence of such references in these coursebooks. in order to compare cultural exophoric references used in these coursebooks, the researche...

non-communicable disease continues to be an important public health problem in india, being responsible for a major proportion of mortality and morbidity. demographic changes, changes in the lifestyle along with increased rates of urbanization are the major reasons responsible for the tilt towards the non-communicable diseases. in india, there is no regular system for collecting data on non-com...

background: studies suggest that family caregivers of hemodialysis patients experience a high level of burden, which could lead to numerous physical and psychological problems. despite the need for adequate training and support, these caregivers are mostly neglected, and few studies have been performed in this regard. aim: to evaluate the effect of educational programs on the home care of hemod...

introduction: road traffic crashes (rtcs) are very common across the world and in iran. the aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of road traffic accidents in tehran province, iran in 2009. methods: t his was a descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective study. the study population included all deceased and injuries due to rtcs in tehran in 2009. the economic burden of rtc was es...