Density is a critical typology in determining sustainable urban built-form patterns. Built-formrefers to the assemblage and arrangement of the building masses in a city reflecting the spatial layout of spaces.The relationship between density and urban character is also based on at certain densities (thresholds). In a widersense, sustainable cities are a matter of density. Recent debates about t...

ABSTRACT A vibrant and commercially active center is often the result of interesting, diverse building styles and or built-forms, pedestrian density along with variety of quality public places where people feel comfortable, spending time and shopping items for domestic and commercial functions in cities like Addis Ababa. The scale and design of buildings, pedestrian density, and other phy...

Urban biodiversity plays an important role in ecological processes and ecosystem services within cities, making conservation a priority many municipal sustainability plans. green spaces (UGS) have been key strategy for by providing habitat wildlife, including avian communities. While the attributes necessary to enhance habitability of UGS communities are relatively well known, understanding how...