Limit energy is a severe bottleneck of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and limits network lifetime of WSNs. To extend network lifetime, buffer zone has been proposed. Sensors send their data packets to buffer zone. The sensors in buffer zone buffer the data packets. And then the sink visits the buffer zone to collect the data packets. This leads to that the loads of the sensors in buffer zone ...

Abstract. Rawapening Lake is located in Semarang District, Central Java. The decreasing of lake function due to its many problems caused by environmental degradation which has happened for almost three decades. Buffer zone determination a very important basic action safe Lake. This research determine buffer and management. Hydraulic, topographic analysis was conducted within the along with iden...

Many protected areas or parks in developing countries have buffer zones at their boundaries to achieve the dual goals of protecting park resources and providing resource benefits to neighbouring people. Despite the prevalence of these zoning policies, few behavioural models of people’s buffer zone use inform the sizing and management of those zones. This paper uses a spatially explicit resource...

The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration established a buffer zone around marine mammals to prevent harassment. The buffer zone varies by species listing status and by geographic area. However, it is unknown the extent to which vessels comply with these buffer zones. We selected harbor seals (Phoca vitulina L., 1758) as a case study to describe compliance with the buffer zone. We ...

Page 16 Pesticides and You Vol. 24, No. 2, 2004 As suburban sprawl extends further into the countryside, the numbers of people who live, play and work near agricultural land is increasing. Due to pesticides drifting, thousands of individuals are directly affected by adjacent or surrounding agricultural fields where pesticide use totals nearly a million pounds a year. Pesticides used on lawns, o...