State-of-the-art data analysis in production allows engineers to characterize reservoirs using production data. This saves companies large sums that should otherwise be spend on well testing and reservoir simulation and modeling. There are two shortcomings with today’s production data analysis: It needs bottom-hole or well-head pressure data in addition to data for rating reservoirs’ characteri...

Very little is known about magnetic fields of extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs. We use the energy flux scaling law presented by Christensen et al. to calculate the evolution of average magnetic fields in extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs under the assumption of fast rotation, which is probably the case for most of them. We find that massive brown dwarfs of about 70 MJup can have fields of ...

We review five mechanisms for forming brown dwarfs: (i) turbulent fragmentation of molecular clouds, producing very low-mass prestellar cores by shock compression; (ii) collapse and fragmentation of more massive prestellar cores; (iii) disc fragmentation; (iv) premature ejection of protostellar embryos from their natal cores; and (v) photo-erosion of pre-existing cores overrun by HII regions. T...

the first damage of sugar beet ladybird was (bulaea lichatschovi hum.) reported in 1972 from south of russia. in iran, the first report of high damage of this insect on the leaves was reported from sugar beet fields of karaj in 1962. adult ladybird is reddish bown with 3.5-4.5 mm length. thorax has 6 black points. on elytres there are 20 blackish brown spots. the ventral body is black. the ante...

We review five mechanisms for forming brown dwarfs: (i) turbulent fragmentation of molecular clouds, producing very low-mass prestellar cores by shock compression; (ii) collapse and fragmentation of more massive prestellar cores; (iii) disc fragmentation; (iv) premature ejection of protostellar embryos from their natal cores; and (v) photo-erosion of pre-existing cores overrun by HII regions. T...

A classical theorem of H. Hopf asserts that a closed connected smooth manifold admits a nowhere vanishing vector field if and only if its Euler characteristic is zero. R. Brown generalized Hopf’s result to topological manifolds, replacing vector fields with path fields. In this note, we give an equivariant analog of Brown’s theorem for locally smooth G-manifolds where G is a finite group.

We present a new method for direct measurement of magnetic fields on ultracool stars and brown dwarfs. It takes advantage of the Wing-Ford band of FeH, which are seen throughout the M and L spectral types. These molecular features are not as blended as other optical molecular bands, are reasonably strong through most of the spectral range, and exhibit a response to magnetic fields which is easi...