how to cite this article: abbaskhanian a, ehteshami s, sajjadi s, rezai ms. effects of piracetam on pediatric breath holding spells: a randomized double blind controlled trial. iran j child neurol autumn 2012; 6(4): 9-15.   abstarct: objective breath holding spells (bhs) are common paroxysmal non-epileptic eventsin the pediatric population which are very stressfull despite their harmlessnature....

to determine breath- holding spells (bhs) prevalence and risk factors in under 6- year- old children, we interviewed mothers of 400 children in a cross- sectional study in 5 health centers at south of tehran in autumn 1999. 33 children (8.25%) had history of bhs (male: 19, female: 14 25 cases were between 2-4 years old (mean: 40±17 months). seventy percent of cases (23) had onset of attacks aft...

Breath-holding spells are episodes of brief, involuntary cessations of breathing that occur in children in response to stimuli such as fear or injury. They are usually benign, and although very rarely, breath-holding spells accompany deteriorative neurological diseases. Here, we present two patients having infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and breath-holding spells. Presence of the common respira...

objectives: breath holding spells are one of the most frequent and important diagnostic challenges in pediatrics. the aim of this study, conducted on pediatric patients referring to the pediatric neurology clinic in hormozgan province, was to evaluate therapeutic effects of iron on breath holding spells materials and methods: 35 children (19 males and 16 females), aged between 3 to 60 months, w...

Breath-holding spells are benign, paroxysmal events with apnea and postural tone changes after a crying episode in infants. The objective of this study was to investigate the pathologies in brain metabolite values in the absence of seizure in children with breath-holding spells by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Brain MRS examination was performed on 18 children with breath-holding...

objective: breath holding spells, very often misinterpreted as epileptic seizures, are most common in children aged 6 months to 6 years of age. in this investigation, we sought to prospectively document the natural history of breath holding spells (bhs) among children with cyanotic, pallid and mixed type bhs referred for neurological consultation. materials & methods: this was a cross-sectional...

Breath holding spells are a common and dramatic form of syncope and anoxic seizure in infancy. They are usually triggered by an emotional stimuli or minor trauma. Based on the color change, they are classified into 3 types, cyanotic, pallid, and mixed. Pallid breath holding spells result from exaggerated, vagally-mediated cardiac inhibition, whereas the more common, cyanotic breathholding spell...