An 11-year-old, female, neutered labrador retriever with a history of chronic and progressive right hindlimb lameness facial asymmetry was referred for brain lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Multifocal non-enhancing T2-weighted images hyperintense lesions were observed in the caudate nuclei medulla oblongata. The oculomotor nerve markedly enlarged showed mark...

Background: Non-invasive and patient-friendly nose-to-brain pathway is the best-suited route for brain delivery of therapeutics as it bypasses blood–brain barrier. The intranasal (olfactory trigeminal nerves) allows entry various bioactive agents, delivers a wide array hydrophilic hydrophobic drugs, circumvents hepatic first-pass effect, thus targeting neurological diseases in both humans anima...

Our brain is the most complex organ in our body which conducts various functions and this level of complexity operated by different structures brain. The relaying information between parts conducted 12 pairs cranial nerves. Out nerves, largest nerve know as trigeminal responsible for sensation face motor such biting chewing. Sometimes due to offendation typically Superior Cerebellar Artery lead...

In this study the cranial nerves development of H. huso are explained from 1 to 54-days-old (1, 3, 6, 15, 21 and 54 days). Despite all the researches on fish brain, there are no study on nerves evolution on H. huso during their larvae life. For this research 40 samples of larvae H. husowere obtained (from each age, about six samples were selected). The specimens were ...

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an uncommon malignancy of B-cell origin that typically involves the brain, eyes, and spinal cord without systemic spread. PCNSL cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, or periventricular region. Isolated leptomeningeal any evidence parenchymal involvement very rare. We present a unusual case presenting as persistent bilateral Bell's palsy trigemin...

Correlation between the brain and the autonomic nerves have been studied by many authors from anatomical as well as physiological stand points, but still many there are left to be clarified. A great number of articles of E.E.G. have been published after the discovery of E.E.G. by Berger, and contributed much both to the brain physiology and clinical medicine. On the other hand, enormous advance...