Anomaly detection (AD) is the identification of data samples that do not fit a learned distribution. As such, AD systems can help physicians to determine presence, severity, and extension pathology. Deep generative models, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), be exploited capture anatomical variability. Consequently, any outlier (i.e., sample falling outside distribution) detected an...

perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos) is a widely spread environmental contaminant. it accumulates in the brain and has potential neurotoxin effects. due to chemical properties, pfos shows persistency in the environment and therefore has potential hazardous effect. the risk of possible intra uterine exposure to pfos poses a health concern for developmental effects. the goal of this study was survey o...

holoprosencephaly (hpe) is a rare congenital brain malformation associated with multiple midline facial defects. this anomaly is resulted from the failure of diverticulation and cleavage of primitive prosencephalon during weeks 4-8 of gestation. hpe is the most common forebrain developmental anomaly in human with the incidence rate of 0.49-1.2 cases per 10,000-20,000 term births. in this study,...

Various combinations of vascular malformations of the brain in one lesion have been reported, while others seem to be very rare. In this report, the authors discuss the case of a coexistence of an capillary telangiectasia of the pons and intracerebral venous anomaly. To our knowledge, this is the first report of coexistence of a capillary telangiectasia of the pons and intracerebral venous anom...

fMRI was used to examine the brain activity of 18 young adults while they read or heard matched sentences that were either well-formed or contained anomalies of syntactic form or pragmatic content. We examined specific regions of interest (ROI) based on activity patterns found in earlier research. We sought: a) brain regions that respond robustly to both speech and print; b) regions that are se...

In this work, we tackle the problem of Semi-Supervised Anomaly Segmentation (SAS) in Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) brain, which is task automatically identifying pathologies brain images. Our work challenges effectiveness current Machine Learning (ML) approaches application domain by showing that thresholding Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR scans provides better anomaly segment...

Acrania is a rare congenital anomaly and characterized by partial or complete absence of the calvarium. Although acrania associated with anencephaly well recognized entity but isolated anomaly. Ultrasound allows early diagnosis this The fetus was found to have completely formed brain, base skull facial structures lacking cranium. Authors present case acrania. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 5...

Previous research with both brain-damaged and neurologically intact populations has demonstrated that the right cerebral hemisphere (RH) is superior to the left cerebral hemisphere (LH) at detecting anomalies (or incongruities) in objects (Ramachandran, 1995; Smith, Tays, Dixon, & Bulman-Fleming, 2002). The current research assesses whether the RH advantage for anomaly detection is due to the R...