نتایج جستجو برای: Botulinum Neurotoxin

تعداد نتایج: 11761  

Journal: :iranian biomedical journal 0
علی صیادمنش ali sayadmanesh فیروز ابراهیمی firouz ebrahimi عباس حاجی زاده abbas hajizade مصیب رستمیان mosayeb rostamian هانی کشاورز hani keshavarz

background: botulinum neurotoxin (bont) complexes consist of neurotoxin and neurotoxin-associated proteins. hemagglutinin-33 (ha-33) is a member of bont type a (bont/a) complex. considering the protective role of ha-33 in preservation of bont/a in gastrointestinal harsh conditions and also its adjuvant role, recombinant production of this protein is favorable. thus in this study, ha-33 was expr...

2010
Shashi K. Sharma Uma Basavanna Hem D. Shukla

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are highly potent poisons produced by seven serotypes of Clostridium botulinum. The mechanism of neurotoxin action is a multistep process which leads to the cleavage of one of three different SNARE proteins essential for synaptic vesicle fusion and transmission of the nerve signals to muscles: synaptobrevin, syntaxin, or SNAP-25. In order to understand the precise ...

2013
Andrew T. Carter Sandra C. Stringer Martin D. Webb Michael W. Peck

Genome sequences of five different Group II (nonproteolytic) Clostridium botulinum type F6 strains were compared at a 50-kb locus containing the neurotoxin gene cluster. A clonal origin for these strains is indicated by the fact that sequences were identical except for strain Eklund 202F, with 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and a 15-bp deletion. The essential topB gene encoding topoisomeras...

Journal: :Applied and environmental microbiology 2014
Zhen Zhang Elias Dahlsten Hannu Korkeala Miia Lindström

Botulinum neurotoxin, produced mainly by the spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum, is the most poisonous biological substance known. Here, we show that CodY, a global regulator conserved in low-G+C Gram-positive bacteria, positively regulates the botulinum neurotoxin gene expression. Inactivation of codY resulted in decreased expression of botA, encoding the neurotoxin, as well as in r...

Journal: :Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2004
Giuseppe Brisinda Anna Rita Bentivoglio Giorgio Maria Alberto Albanese

Local injections of botulinum neurotoxin are now considered an efficacious treatment for neurological and non-neurological conditions. One of the most recent achievements in the field is the observation that botulinum neurotoxin provides benefit in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Botulinum neurotoxin inhibits contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscles and sphincters; it has also bee...

Journal: :Journal of biomedical science 2000
R H Shyu M F Shaio S S Tang H F Shyu C F Lee M H Tsai J E Smith H H Huang J J Wey J L Huang H H Chang

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is one of the most toxic substances known to produce severe neuromuscular paralysis. The currently used vaccine is prepared mainly from biohazardous toxins. Thus, we studied an alternative method and demonstrated that DNA immunization provided sufficient protection against botulism in a murine model. A plasmid of pBoNT/A-Hc, which encodes the fragment C gene of type ...

2013
Zhen Zhang Hannu Korkeala Elias Dahlsten Elina Sahala John T. Heap Nigel P. Minton Miia Lindström

Blocking neurotransmission, botulinum neurotoxin is the most poisonous biological substance known to mankind. Despite its infamy as the scourge of the food industry, the neurotoxin is increasingly used as a pharmaceutical to treat an expanding range of muscle disorders. Whilst neurotoxin expression by the spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum appears tightly regulated, to date only posi...

2014
Karl A. Hassan Liam D. H. Elbourne Sasha G. Tetu Eric A. Johnson Ian T. Paulsen

Clostridium strains from six phylogenetic groups, C. botulinum groups I to IV, C. baratii, and C. butyricum, display the capacity to produce botulinum neurotoxin. Here, we present the genome sequence of a C. butyricum isolate, the neurotoxigenic strain 5521, which encodes the type E botulinum neurotoxin.

Background and Objectives: Botulism syndrome is caused by one of the seven botulinum neurotoxins. The toxins binding domain have immunogenicity effect and can be used as a recombinant vaccine candidate against botulism disease. Due to the low immunogenicity of recombinant protein , the use of an appropriate vehicle for antigen delivery to target cells is inevitable. The purpose of this study ...

2017
Michael W. Peck Theresa J. Smith Fabrizio Anniballi John W. Austin Luca Bano Marite Bradshaw Paula Cuervo Luisa W. Cheng Yagmur Derman Brigitte G. Dorner Audrey Fisher Karen K. Hill Suzanne R. Kalb Hannu Korkeala Miia Lindström Florigio Lista Carolina Lúquez Christelle Mazuet Marco Pirazzini Michel R. Popoff Ornella Rossetto Andreas Rummel Dorothea Sesardic Bal Ram Singh Sandra C. Stringer

Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin variants are being identified with increasing frequency, which presents challenges when organizing the nomenclature surrounding these neurotoxins. Worldwide, researchers are faced with the possibility that toxins ...

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