Three Boc-protected fragments of the human leukocyte interferon, LeIFA, have been synthesized: I, BOC LeIFA (99-105) (BOC-Val-Ile-Gln-Gly-Val-Gly-Val); II, BOC LeIFA (116-119) (BOC-Ile-Leu-Ala-Val); III, BOC LeIFA (123-126) (BOC-Phe-GlnArg(Tos)-Ile). The presence of the Boc-group was desired so that these peptides could serve as intermediates in fragment condensation toward larger segments of i...

The transmembrane protein Brother of Cdo (Boc) has been implicated in Shh-mediated commissural axon guidance, and can both positively and negatively regulate Hedgehog (Hh) target gene transcription, however, little is known about in vivo requirements for Boc during vertebrate embryogenesis. The zebrafish umleitung (uml(ty54)) mutant was identified by defects in retinotectal axon projections. He...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of drug interactions between the hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitor boceprevir (BOC) and antiretroviral (ARV) agents in persons with HIV/HCV co-infection. METHODS Participants taking two nucleos(t)ide analogs with either efavirenz, raltegravir, or ritonavir-boosted atazanavir, darunavir, or lopinavir underwent intens...

Binary offset carrier (BOC) signal synchronization is based on the correlation between the received and locally generated BOC signals. Thus, the multiple side-peaks in BOC autocorrelation are one of the main error sources in synchronizing BOC signals. Recently, new correlation functions with no side-peak were proposed for sine and cosine phased BOC signal synchronization, respectively, by the a...

During cerebellar development, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling drives the proliferation of granule cell precursors (GCPs). Aberrant activation of Shh signaling causes overproliferation of GCPs, leading to medulloblastoma. Although the Shh-binding protein Boc associates with the Shh receptor Ptch1 to mediate Shh signaling, whether Boc plays a role in medulloblastoma is unknown. Here, we show that...

GALILEO, the major contribution of the European Union to the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), will be both independent and complementary to the current GPS. It is still in its design phase, and while the signals have to be finalized, the main specifications have already been confirmed. The Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulation is part of the current GALILEO signal plan. A BOC modulat...

psuedopeptide backbone composed of N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine units, and nucleobases are attached by methylene carbonyl linkers (Fig. 1). Since the binding of PNA to DNA inhibits transcription, the potential of PNA has been focused to target an antisense drug.1 Moreover, PNA-peptides hybridization and improvements of the PNA backbone unit were developed to form DNA-DNA-PNA triplexes with nonspeci...

The recent researches on the tracking of binary offset carrier (BOC) modulated signals have been studied focusing on resolving the ambiguity problem caused by the multiple side-peaks in BOC autocorrelation. In this paper, we propose a novel unambiguous BOC tracking scheme with an improved tracking performance by using partial-pulses of BOC signals. Firstly, we observe that a sub-carrier consist...

Unambiguous tracking for Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulated signals is an important requirement of modern Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. An unambiguous tracking method based on combined correlation functions for even/odd order sine/cosine-BOC, Composite BOC (CBOC) and Alternate BOC (AltBOC) modulated signals is proposed. Firstly, a unified mathematical formulation for a...

Cdo and Boc encode cell surface Ig/fibronectin superfamily members linked to muscle differentiation. Data here indicate they are also targets and signaling components of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. Although Cdo and Boc are generally negatively regulated by Hedgehog (HH) signaling, in the neural tube Cdo is expressed within the Shh-dependent floor plate while Boc expression lies within the...