blackleg in cattle has been recognized since 1938 in iran that mostly affects cattle in enzootic farm. main object of this study was to prepare and formulate a concentrated potent vaccine for immunization of cattle against blackleg in iran. experimental concentrated blackleg vaccine was prepared according to the method described by fao. the medium (modified medium for production of experimental...

  Blackleg in cattle has been recognized since 1938 in Iran that mostly affects cattle in enzootic farm. Main object of this study was to prepare and formulate a concentrated potent vaccine for immunization of cattle against blackleg in Iran. Experimental concentrated blackleg vaccine was prepared according to the method described by FAO. The medium (Modified medium for production of experiment...

in all biological systems growth is defined as increase of chemical compounds. bacteria can achieve to balanced growth if they are growing in a medium, which are completely adapted to it. clostridium chauvoei, (clostridium feseri) is an anaerobic, spore forming, motile, and polymorph bacteria, which its size varies from 0.5-1 to 3-8 micron and could be observed as individual bacterium, diplo, a...

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect vitamin C on immune system in cattle immunized against blackleg. employed 28 different breeds and genders, aged 15-20 months, bred Ardahan region. were broken down into four groups, seven each group. first group (control group) 2 ml saline, second (vitamin 5 mg/kg c, third (vaccination blackleg vaccine, fourth (vaccine-vitamin Blackleg vaccin...

In all biological systems growth is defined as increase of chemical compounds. Bacteria can achieve to balanced growth if they are growing in a medium, which are completely adapted to it. Clostridium chauvoei, (Clostridium feseri) is an anaerobic, spore forming, motile, and polymorph bacteria, which its size varies from 0.5-1 to 3-8 micron and could be observed as individual bacterium, diplo, a...

AIMS To determine the characteristics of bacteria associated with the blackleg disease of potato in Brazil and compare them with species and subspecies of pectolytic Erwinia. METHODS AND RESULTS Biochemical and physiological characteristics of 16 strains from blackleg-infected potatoes in State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were determined and differentiated them from all the E. carotovora su...

Blackleg is a disease caused by several species of Pectobacterium that results in losses to potato crops worldwide. Here, we report the draft genomes of three taxonomically and geographically distinct blackleg-causing strains of Pectobacterium: P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis ICMP 19477, P. atrosepticum ICMP 1526, and P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum UGC32. Comparison of these genomes will ...

BACKGROUND Blackleg is one of the major bacterial infections causing tremendous economic losses to cattle herders in many parts of Ethiopia. Despite the huge burden, no comprehensive studies have quantified the impact or its distribution throughout the country. This study was aimed to estimate the epidemiological aspect of blackleg, financial costs and benefits of its control through annual vac...

Blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is an important disease of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in Canada and throughout the world. Severe epidemics of blackleg can result in significant yield losses. Understanding disease-yield relationships is a prerequisite for measuring the agronomic efficacy and economic benefits of control methods. Field experiments were conducted in 2013, 2014, a...

Blackleg disease of canola in western Canada has been effectively managed for the past 20 years through a combination of resistant varieties, adequate crop rotation intervals and good agronomics. Increased canola production in western Canada, in large measure through more frequent cropping in the rotation, has increased the risk that resistance to blackleg in current varieties may be defeated. ...