Crib-biting in the horse is frequently prevented in the short-term by horse-owners using physical means. Because it has been proposed that crib-biting may function to reduce stress, the effect of prevention of crib-biting and/or eating on the behaviour, heart rate, and plasma cortisol and beta-endorphin concentrations was measured in six crib-biting and six normal horses. When crib-biters were ...

Despite the great diversity in theropod craniomandibular morphology, the presence and distribution of biting function types across Theropoda has rarely been assessed. A novel method of biomechanical profiling using mechanical advantage computed for each biting position along the entirety of the tooth row was applied to 41 extinct theropod taxa. Multivariate ordination on the polynomial coeffici...

studies on the biting behavior of the more common species of anophelines were carried out in ghasreghand, chabahar (sistan & baluchistan province) from may 1990 to march 1991, in which outdoor human and animal (cattle) biting collections were made between 18.00 hr and 5.00 hr in a total of 13 rounds. in addition, blood smears from anophelines captured in pyrethrum space-spray catches of human a...

Hylander ('78) recently published important new data on bite force in humans, and showed that the human mandible cannot function purely as a link during incisal biting. He concluded instead that the mandible acts as a lever. Reexamination of Hylander's data suggests that the mandible cannot function purely as a lever either, and in fact it probably functions simultaneously as both lever and lin...

This study describes the mechanical role that cranial sutures play in fish during feeding. The long-term goal of our work is to establish relationships between suture form and function, so that functional inferences can be made from suture morphology in fossil taxa. To this end, strain gauges were surgically implanted across selected sutures in the skull roof of four individuals of Polypterus e...

Individually housed rhesus monkeys sometimes spontaneously develop self-injurious behavior (SIB) in the form of self-directed biting that, on occasion, results in severe tissue damage and mutilation. We previously demonstrated lower levels of plasma cortisol in rhesus monkeys with a history of self-wounding (SW) when compared to non-wounders (NW). Furthermore, cortisol levels were negatively co...

Paired rats are known to behave aggressively when given painful electric shocks. The present study developed a procedure whereby individual rats given shocks might bite an inanimate target object. Unavoidable shock was delivered to the rat while it was restrained in a position close to, and facing a target object. Biting of the target was recorded automatically. Shock caused the rat to bite met...

This paper presents an eecient algorithm to generate a well-shaped and a well-conformed mesh respecting to a given control spacing f(). A control spacing function is used to specify the desired element size. Here, well-shaped mesh means that the circumradius-to-shortest-edge-length ratio of the mesh is bounded from above by a constant; well-conformed means that the element size is within a cons...

Self-mutilation is a serious clinical problem. In humans selfmutilation is a characteristic of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and the de Lange syndrome. Several common drugs have been reported to produce self-biting in animals. The purpose of this project is to begin to de­ termine whether drug-induced self-biting in animals shares behavioral or biochemical characteristics with self-biting in the Les...