The influence of fatty diet and standard diet on the bioavailability and plasma half life of conventional theophylline was studied in the rabbit. It was found that standard diet had significantly reduced the extent of oral bioavailability (AUC0-alpha) of theophylline compared to the fasting state. The fatty diet resulted in a significantly increased extent of oral bioavailability (AUC0-alpha an...

Plasma concentration-time data after oral and intravenous administration of dexamethasone have been subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis in six neurological or neurosurgical patients taking the steroid with phenytoin, and in nine patients (one studied twice) taking dexamethasone without phenytoin. An additional patient was studied before and during phenytoin intake. Apparent volume of distribu...

The plasma concentrations of ranitidine after oral and intravenous administration have been measured in 10 healthy young adults, nine cirrhotic patients, and eight healthy elderly people. In the first of these bioavailability was 51 +/- 4% and half life 161 +/- 11 minutes after oral and 124 +/- 5 minutes after intravenous administration. In the cirrhotics bioavailability was increased to 70 +/-...

This study aimed to investigate a food effect on the bio-availability of modified-release (MR) trimetazidine tablets in 36 healthy volunteers. Trimetazidine, an anti-ischemic drug, protects the myocardial cell from the harmful effects of ischemia. The authors investigated the effect of being under a fasting or fed state at the time of drug intake on the bioavailability of trimetazidine 35-mg MR...

SCOPE Curcumin revealed various health-beneficial properties in numerous studies. However its bioavailability is low due to its limited intestinal uptake and rapid metabolism. The aim of our project was to develop novel curcumin formulations with improved oral bioavailability and to study their safety as well as potential sex-differences. METHODS AND RESULTS In this crossover study, healthy s...

Most of the drugs that are available in the marketplace are administered via the oral route, which is a convenient and cost effective route of administration (Lipinski 1995; Lipinski 2000; Lipinski et al. 2001; Lipinski 2004; Abrahamsson and Lennernas 2005). Thus, oral bioavailability is one of the key considerations for discovery and development of a new chemical entity (NCE). It is well recog...

chelating is the chemical process by which a mineral (iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, and manganese) is combined with a mixture of amino acids and peptides. the resulting substances are known as chelates. another descriptive term, proteinates, refers to the amino acid bond. these chelated minerals are thought to be more digestible than nonchelated forms. in other words, chelation makes the minerals...

background and objectives: in the original in vitro method for evaluation of iron bioavailability using caco-2 cell model, ferritin formation by cells is considered as a functional indicator of both absorption and utilization of iron. however, as iron is measured in the tested material and then ferritin concentration is measured in caco-2 cell lysate, it is almost impossible to have a concrete ...

several plant extracts and phytoconstituents, despite having excellent bioactivity in vitro, demonstrate less or no in vivo actions due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size or destruction in gut. drug delivery system for polyphenolic phytoconstituents (phytosomes) was prepared by complexing polyphenolic phytoconstituents with phospholipid mainly phosphatidylcholine which bi...

curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol and major bioactive component of turmeric with known anti-inflammatory, neurogenesis, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic effect. curcumin antagonizes many steps in the inflammatory cascade, including inhibition of nf-κb (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated b cells), activator protein-1 transcription and inos (induced nitric oxide synthases...