We demonstrate for the first time a multi-wavelength laser based on a bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber (Bi-EDF) assisted by a four-wave mixing (FWM) process. Using a simple linear cavity resonator scheme containing a 49 cm long highly nonlinear Bi-EDF, we obtained about 8 lines of optical comb with a line spacing of approximately 0.52 nm at the maximum 1480 nm pump power of 160mW.

Raman amplification of a 49 cm Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) as a nonlinear gainmedium based erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is reported in new and compactdesign in near infrared spectral regions. The bismuth glass host provides theopportunity to be doped heavily with erbium ions to allow a compact optical gain fiberamplifier design by using reduced fiber length and the 1480...

Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) is demonstrated using a piece of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in conjunction with a Bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber (Bi-EDF) as the gain media with a simple ring resonator. The proposed BFL operates at wavelength of 1574.08 nm, which is 0.08 nm shifted from the Brillouin pump wavelength with a maximum peak power of 8 dBm. The BFL has a side mode suppression ratio an...

We investigate the spectral and amplification characteristics of Bi/Er co-doped fiber (BEDF) Er-doped (EDF), prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). BEDF features a noise figure (NF) below 5.2 dB, bandwidth with NF less than 4 dB is approximately 23 nm (1560–1583 nm), that gain exceeding 25 42 (1525–1567 nm). The quantum conversion efficiency (QCE) at 1550 72.1% pump power 300 mW. saturated ...

A cellular receptor for erythroid differentiation factor (EDF) was demonstrated by incubation of 125I-labeled EDF with rat follicular granulosa cell cultures. The specific binding of labeled EDF to the cells showed saturation; Scatchard analysis of binding data indicated a single class of receptors having Kd = 3.4 x 10(-10) M. A large excess of unlabeled EDF reduced labeled EDF binding almost c...

This study gives strategies for estimating the modified Allan variance (MVAR), and formulas for computing the equivalent degrees of freedom (edf) of the estimators. A thirddifference formulation of MVAR leads to a tractable formula for edf in the presence of power-law phase noise. The effect of estimation stride on edf is shown. First-degree rational-function approximations for edf are derived,...

Event representation models provide a framework in which we can reason about events so as to interpret the collective behaviour of objects over time and space domains. Many are context-specific and lack flexibility when faced with unstructured video. In the past many efforts have been made to define a comprehensive event description framework (EDF), which can provide a framework to develop onto...

Earliest deadline first (edf) is a widely used algorithm for online deadline scheduling. It has been known for long that edf is optimal for scheduling an underloaded, single-processor system; recent results on the extra-resource analysis of edf further revealed that edf when using moderately faster processors can achieve optimal performance in the underloaded, multi-processor setting. This pape...