the deeper we go into the history of architecture, the less physical evidences are found; ceilings are collapsed, walls are fallen and the foundations are faded out over the time. however, there is no trace of some of these buildings, but they are not completely destroyed and they have been surviving in written documentations. the period of ghaznavid empire (997-11860) encompasses one of the mo...

1. introduction tarikh-e baihaqi has been most often read as a seminal work of literature; by virtue of this fact, a great deal of its merits has been eclipsed. in this very research, the extent of demonstrating the prominence of war and military related issues will go under a close scrutiny. the prime assertion of this research states that tarikhe-e beihaqi presents a panoramic view of war and...

The topic in question is concerned with the sociological aspect of literature referring to Iran’s literary and historical experience. The basis of sociological criticism is built on the premise that literary works are the products of social life and that a comprehensive understanding of a work without considering its social aspects is impractical. To reach a better, more scientific, and more pr...

in the middle  of  the  historic  resourc e، shouldn’t  forget  importanc e  of  literaries    that  in  addition  to have  report  of  historic  events ، did  intellectual  thoughts  that  it ‘s possitive  effect  on   human  life and correction of people‘s personality is undeniable. beyhaqi‘s  history   is  one  of   the   dearest  literaries  that  have  big  sowing   form  amsal  va  hekam ...

the vivid description in the history of beyhaqi of the political realities of its time is known to the researchers of this invaluable heritage of iranian history. in the mass of khwaja abolfal beyhaqi’s (385-470 ah) political reports which usually encompasses details and an awareness of the hidden and overt of political events of the qaznavid era, the theme of psychology of power is clearly tra...

archaism is one of the most important tools for defamiliarisation of speech and it causes the wordto go beyond the reach of the common people and be closer to poetry. the most prominent function of defamiliarisation is the poetic creativity that a part of it originates from the archaism. ahmad shamloo who is among the innovator and effective poets of our time, has largely benefited from the arc...